Ch.1 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the six classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
What does the body use nutrients for?
- energy
- growth and development
- regulation of processes
What do cells use nutrients for?
Cells use nutrients to carry out metabolic activities.
Essential nutrients…
must be supplied by food.
Conditionally-essential nutrients…
are normally not essential but become essential
under certain conditions.
Nonessential nutrients…
nutrients can be produced in the body or obtained from other ways than by food/beverage consumption.
Facts About Deficiency Disease
- Results if the nutrient is missing.
- When added back to the diet, abnormal physiological changes are corrected.
- There is an explanation why the abnormalities occurred when the substance was missing.
Def. Deficiency Disease
is a state of health characterized by certain abnormal physiological changes that occur when the body lacks a nutrient.
Def. Signs
The physical changes associated with a disease state that are observable or measurable.
Def. Symptoms
Subjective complaints of ill health that are difficult to observe or measure.
Def. Macronutrients
are nutrients that the body needs in large amounts.
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
Def. Micronutrients
nutrients that body needs in very small amounts.
• Vitamins
• Minerals
Def. Calorie
is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g (1 mL) of water 1o C.
Def. Kilocalorie
is the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g (1 L) of water 1o C.
To calculate the number of kcal in a diet, know the amounts of macronutrients and alcohol in the food and beverages.
- 1 g of carbohydrates has 4 kcal
- 1 g of protein has 4 kcal
- 1 g of fat/lipids has 9 kcal
- 1 g of alcohol has 7 kcal
Def. Chronic
Diseases or long-term conditions that usually take many years to develop and have complex causes.
Def. Risk factors
Are personal characteristics that increase a person’s chances of developing a chronic disease.
- Genetic background
- Family history
- Unsafe environmental conditions
- Psychological factors
- Advanced age
- Unhealthy lifestyle
Which factors influence food choices?
Def. Nutrient-Dense
food supplies more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories.
Def. Energy Density
refers to the amount of energy a food provides per given
weight of the food.
Def. Empty-Calorie
Food supplies excessive calories from unhealthy
types of fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol.
Def. Physiological Dose
of a nutrient is the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally.
Def. Megadose
is an amount of a vitamin or mineral that is very high, generally at least 10 times the recommended amount of the nutrient.
Def. Malnutrition
is a state of health that occurs when the body is improperly
nourished.
-Overnutrition
-Undernutrition
