ch1

Question 1

: The study of living things too small to
be seen without magnification

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

germs, viruses, agents…” but not all
cause disease and many more are useful or essential for human life ✅❌

Answer 2

✅

Question 3

Major Groups of Microorganisms

Answer 3

Bacteria, algae, protozoa, helminthes
(parasitic invertebrates), and fungi

Question 4

noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated
genetic elements that can infect all living things,
including other microorganisms

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

organisms without a true nucleus)-

Answer 5

prokaryotes

Question 6

(organisms with a true nucleus)

Answer 6

eukaryotes

Question 7

• when humans manipulate
  microorganisms to make products in an industrial
  setting

Answer 7

Biotechnology

Question 8

create new products and genetically modified organisms

Answer 8

Genetic engineering

Question 9

allows microbes to be engineered to synthesize
desirable proteins (i.e. drugs, hormones, and enzymes)

Answer 9

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 10

replaces missing parts of defective genes in human
cells through genetic engineering

Answer 10

Gene therapy

Question 11

use of microbes to
restore stability or
clean up toxic
pollutants

Answer 11

Bioremediation

Question 12

emerging diseases

Answer 12

SARS, AIDS, hepatitis C, viral encephalitis

Question 13

Other diseases previously not linked to microorganisms now are

Answer 13

gastric ulcers, certain
cancers, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, obsessive
compulsive disorder, coronary artery disease

Question 14

all microbes are associated with disease ✅❌

Answer 14

❌

Question 15

Gastic ulcers cause by
( قرحة المعدة )

Answer 15

Helicobacter

Question 16

diseases linked to chronic infections with microbes or viruses

Answer 16

Mult Sclerosis, OCD, coronary artery disease and obesity

Question 17

Infertility – linked to

Answer 17

Chlamydia infection

Question 18

The longer you live, the more likely your immune system is to weaken =

Answer 18

opportunistic infections

Question 19

prokaryotic have some organelles ✅❌

Answer 19

❌

Question 20

all eukaryotes are microorgansims ❌✅

Answer 20

❌

Question 21

All prokaryotes are microorganisms ❌✅

Answer 21

✅

Question 22

who is harbored and nourished by other living organisms, hosts

Answer 22

parasites

Question 23

Not independently living cellular organisms

Answer 23

Viruses

Question 24

Early scientists tended to explain natural
phenomena by a ___|___|___

Answer 24

mixture of belief, superstition, and argument

Question 25

When did scientific thinking develop?

Answer 25

during the 1600s

Question 26

Most use the ______ (using accepted general principles to explain observations) to apply the scientific method

Answer 26

deductive approach

Question 27

Discovering general principles by careful observation of specific cases is ——

Answer 27

inductive

Question 28

Experimentation, analysis, and testing leads to ___

Answer 28

conclusions

Question 29

tentative explanation that can be proven or disproven, can eventually become theories

Answer 29

Hypotheses

Question 30

can eventually become laws or principles

Answer 30

Theories

Question 31

Key to the study of microorganisms was

Answer 31

the development of the microscope

Question 32

Earliest record of microbes was from the work of

Answer 32

Robert Hooke in the 1660s

Question 33

who is created the single-lens microscope?

Answer 33

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question 34

worked with infusions in the mid-1800s

Answer 34

Louis Pasteur

Question 35

showed evidence that some microbes have very high heat resistance and are difficult to destroy

Answer 35

John Tyndall

Question 36

- discovered and described endospores, term “sterile” was introduced to mean the complete removal of all like forms, including endospores

Answer 36

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 37

-introduced aseptictechnique in 1860s– carbonic acid, achemical antiseptic, to prevent surgical wound infections

Answer 37

Joseph Lister

Question 38

1876 - Robert Koch provided proof that a bacterium causes anthrax using experimental steps now called the

Answer 38

Koch’s Postulates

Question 39

He was the first to use agar as solid culture medium in bacteriology.

Answer 39

Robert Koch

Question 40

Originated over 250 years ago with the work of

Answer 40

Carl von Linné

Question 41

- discovering and recording the traits of organisms so they can be named and classified

Answer 41

Identification

Question 42

- the degree of relatedness between groups of living things

Answer 42

Phylogeny