Ch1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

The study of matter and its interactions

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

The smallest unit of matter

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

POS charged subatomic particles in the atomic nucleus

Question 5

Neurons

Answer 5

Neutral charged particles of an atom

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

Neg charged particles found in electron shells

Question 7

First electron shell

Answer 7

Satisfied with 2 electrons

Question 8

Second electron shell

Answer 8

satisfied with 8 electrons

Question 9

Third electron shell

Answer 9

satisfied with 8 (can hold up to 18)

Question 10

4 major elements in the human body

Answer 10

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen (CHON)

Question 11

atomic number

Answer 11

number of protons

Question 12

mass number

Answer 12

number of protons plus neutrons

Question 13

isotope

Answer 13

an elements that has the same atomic number as another element BUT a different number of neutrons

Question 14

mixture

Answer 14

two or more substances that are physically combined such that their chemical properties remain unaltered

Question 15

suspension

Answer 15

contain 2 or more components with large unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed

Question 16

colloids

Answer 16

contain two or more components with small evenly distributed particles that will NOT settle out

Question 17

solutions

Answer 17

contain two or more components with extremely small, evenly distributed particles that will not settle out

Question 18

molecule

Answer 18

formed by chemical bonding b/w two or more elements

Question 19

compound

Answer 19

formed when 2 or more atoms from diff elements are combined by chemical bonding

Question 20

inert

Answer 20

an element that is unreactive due to a full outer shell of electrons

Question 21

ionic bond

Answer 21

formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom

Question 22

ion

Answer 22

charged particle that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons

Question 23

cation

Answer 23

pos charged ion

Question 24

anion

Answer 24

neg charged ion

Question 25

covalent bond

Answer 25

sharing of electrons

Question 26

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 26

involves equal sharing of electrons

Question 27

polar covalent bond

Answer 27

involves unequal sharing of electrons

Question 28

hydrogen bonds

Answer 28

weak attractions b/w the partially positive end of one dipole and partially negative end of another dipole (surface tension of water)

Question 29

chemical reaction

Answer 29

process that occurs when chemical bonds are formed, broken rearranged or electrons are transferred b/w reactants

Question 30

reactants

Answer 30

what goes into the reaction

Question 31

products

Answer 31

what comes out of the reaction

Question 32

energy

Answer 32

the capacity to do work

Question 33

potential energy

Answer 33

stored energy in a potentially usable form

Question 34

kinetic energy

Answer 34

energy in motion

Question 35

endergonic reactions

Answer 35

requires the input of energy from another source

Question 36

exergonic reactions

Answer 36

release excess energy

Question 37

catabolic reaction

Answer 37

breaks things down

Question 38

anabolic reactions

Answer 38

builds up (synthesis reactions)

Question 39

oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 39

re-dox reaction - the reactant that loses the electrons is oxidized, while the reactant that gains the electrons is reduced

Question 40

enzyme

Answer 40

a molecule that catalyzes a reaction. lowers the energy of activation and is NOT consumed or changed by the reaction

Question 41

inorganic compounds

Answer 41

generally do not contain carbon bonded hydrogen and include water, acids, bases and salts

Question 42

organic compounds

Answer 42

defined as those that do contain carbon bonded hydrogen

Question 43

water

Answer 43

60-80% of the mass of the human body and has several key properties / high heat capacity, evaporative cooling, cushions and protects, lubricant, universal solvent

Question 44

hydrophilic

Answer 44

water loving

Question 45

hydrophobic

Answer 45

water fearing