CH1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
An _______________ is a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.
Operating System
________ is the one program running at all times on the computer.
Kernel
________ program is loaded at power-up or reboot.
Bootstrap
The bootstrap program is stored in _______ or ________ (known as firmware), Initializes all aspects of system, loads OS kernel and starts execution.
ROM, EPROM
T/F: I/O and CPU can execute concurrently.
True.
__________ inform CPU that it is finished with operation by causing an interrupt
Device controllers
Computer system: Hardware ↔ (Applications/Operating System) ↔ (Applications/Operating Systems) ↔ Users.
Hardware ↔ OS ↔ Applications ↔ Users.
OS Goals, include: Execute _______ programs, make the computer system _______ to use, utilize _______ efficiently.
user, easy, hardware.
(Main memory/Secondary memory) – random access, volatile.
Main Memory
_________ is an extension of main memory that provides large non-volatile storage.
Secondary storage
_______ is divided into tracks which are subdivided into sectors. ________ determines logical
interaction between the device and the computer.
Disk, Disk controller.
__________is copying information into faster storage system.
Caching
_____________ Systems have an increased throughput, economy of scale, increased reliability.
Multiprocessor
T/F: Multiprocessor systems can only be symmetric.
F, they can be asymmetric or symmetric
_______ systems are linked multiprocessor systems.
Clustered
Multiprogramming provides efficiency via ____________.
job scheduling
_____________ is when the OS has to wait (ex: for I/O), switches to another job.
job scheduling
During ___________, CPU switches jobs so frequently that each user can interact with each job while it is running (interactive computing).
Timesharing
Dual-mode operation allows OS to protect itself and other system components – _____mode and ________ mode.
user, kernel
Some instructions are only executable in _______ mode, these are privileged.
kernel
(Single-threaded/multi-threaded) processes have one program counter, (Single-threaded/multi-threaded) processes have one PC per thread.
Single-threaded, multi-threaded
________ is a mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS.
Protection
________ is defense of a system against attacks.
Security
T/F: User IDs (UID), one per user, and Group IDs, determine which users and groups of users have which
privileges.
True.
