Ch.1

Question 1

a masters degree educated RN who assumes accountability for client care outcomes through the assimilation and application of research-based information to design, implement, and evaluate client plans of care.

Answer 1

Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL)

Question 2

A practice-focused doctoral degree in nursing

Answer 2

Doctor of nursing practice (DNP)

Question 3

An advanced practice nurse who possesses expertise in a defined area of nursing practice for a selected client population or clinical setting.
-expert clinician, educated, consultant, researcher, and administrator

Answer 3

Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

Question 4

Considered the founder of organized, professional nursing

Answer 4

Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

Question 5

A specially trained professional that addresses the humanistic and holistic needs of patients, families, and environments and provides responses to patterns and/or needs of patients, families and communities to actual and potential health problems

Answer 5

Professional nurse

Question 6

What period had health practices that were strongly guided by beliefs of magic, religion, and superstition?

Answer 6

Prehistoric period

Question 7

In this period people were said to be cursed by evil spirits and evil gods who caused suffering and death if not cast out

Answer 7

Prehistoric period

Question 8

In this period members of tribes participated in rituals, wore masks, and engaged in demonstrative dances to rid the sick of demonic possesion of the body

Answer 8

Prehistoric period

Question 9

in this period, sacrifices and offerings, even human sacrifices, were made to rid the body of evil gods, demons, and spirits.

Answer 9

prehistoric period

Question 10

in this period, tribes used special herbs, roots and vegetables to cast out the “curse” of illness

Answer 10

prehistoric period

Question 11

in this period, they valued personal health, preventative to please gods

Answer 11

early civilization

Question 12

this period has laws on cleanliness, food use & preparation, drinking, exercise, sex, pharmacopeia more than 700 remedies

Answer 12

early civilization

Question 13

in this period some women hired in some nursingish roles

Answer 13

early civilizations

Question 14

palestine

Answer 14

• mosaic code first organized method disease control and prevention
• Hebrew priests were health inspectors

Question 15

Greece

Answer 15

• Gods and goddesses controlled health/illness
• Aesclepius (god of medicine) temple to help care for the sick
• Aesclepius sign now medical caduceus (serpine ambulance)
• Hipocrates (father of med) (disease due to natural cause)
  - scientific, patient centered approach

Question 16

India

Answer 16

• Vedas (books on health practices (hygiene & preven)
• Developed major/minor surgeries
• prenatal care
• suturing
• hospitals staffed by women

Question 17

China

Answer 17

• yin & yang (imbalance causes illness)

- acupuncture hydrotherapy message promote health

Question 18

Rome

Answer 18

• Adapted practice of conquered places
• first military hospital europe in rome
• male & female carers
  - military nurses were only men
• advanced hygiene & sanitation

Question 19

Middle ages

Answer 19

• women care for sick in homes
• herbs
• men used purging leeching mercury
• physicians gave little medical care
• catholic church figure in health care
• changes in health care based on charity & sanctity of life
• cross @ this time became forerunner for design of nursing pins

Question 20

Renaissance & reformation

Answer 20

• MAJOR advances in med, pharm, chem, & med knowledge
• ” dark ages of nursing”
• nursing no longer appealed to women because the type of care that was delegated to women would be prisoners, thieves, drunks, whores
  - poor pay
  - long hours
• sisters of charity
• st. vincent de paul

Question 21

what does HC stand for?

Answer 21

Health care

Question 22

Where was the Hospital of immaculate conception?

Answer 22

Mexico

Question 23

what was the hospital of immaculate conception?

Answer 23

first in North America, med school of University of Mexico

Question 24

Ben Franklin built what? and in what year?

Answer 24

Penn hospital; 1751

Question 25

where did florence Nightingale do her nurse training at in 1851?

Answer 25

Institute Deconesses in Germany

Question 26

where did florence nightingale train in 1854?

Answer 26

Harley Street nursing home

Question 27

where was florence a superintendant nurse at?

Answer 27

Kings college hospital london

Question 28

Founder of professional nursing?

Answer 28

Florence Nightingale

Question 29

- values aseptic techniques | - values political activism to affect HC

Answer 29

Florence Nightingale

Question 30

Founded nursing school in england

Answer 30

Florence Nightingale

Question 31

who made the first pie chart about sanitation that decreased death from 42%-2%

Answer 31

Florence Nightingale

Question 32

Acronym to remember the periods and ages

Answer 32

``` Please Exuse My Roommate Chayo (Remember chayo is mexican, colonial has to do with mexico) Prehistoric period Early ages Middle Ages Renaissance and reformation period Colonial american period ```

Question 33

hospitals and transports were put in place on the battle field to carry the wounded to the hospitals. What period

Answer 33

civil war period

Question 34

women providing nursing care during the Civil War worked under very ______conditions

Answer 34

primitive

Question 35

When the civil war ended, the number of nurse training schools (increased or decreased?)

Answer 35

increased

Question 36

what was the name of the first nursing textbook?

Answer 36

A Manual of Nursing

Question 37

In 1886, who funded the establishment of the first school of nursing for African American women at the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, which is now Spelman College

Answer 37

John D. Rockefeller

Question 38

In what years did states began to require nurses to become registered before entering practice.

Answer 38

1900s

Question 39

What was the main location for Lillian Wald's public health practice in the 20th century?

Answer 39

Henry Street Settlement House

Question 40

Where is the Henry Street Settlement House located?

Answer 40

New York

Question 41

What was the purpose of Henry Street?

Answer 41

to provide well-baby care, health education, disease prevention, and treatment of patients with minor illnesses

Question 42

What does ANA stand for?

Answer 42

American Nurses Association

Question 43

What does NLN stand for?

Answer 43

National League for Nursing

Question 44

this organization has focused primarily on professional aspects of nursing

Answer 44

ANA

Question 45

was established as an agency devoted exclusively to the accreditation of baccalaureate and graduate degree nursing programs

Answer 45

AACN American association of critical care nurses

Question 46

who discovered penicillin

Answer 46

Alexander Fleming

Question 47

This foundation assisted in efforts to continue public health nursing

Answer 47

American Red Cross

Question 48

This schools purpose was to provide an intensive 2 year nurses training program for college graduates

Answer 48

Vassar Camp School for Nurses

Question 49

What act introduced medicare and medicaid?

Answer 49

Social Security Act

Question 50

After what war did nurses actually attain ranks of officers?

Answer 50

WWII

Question 51

what are MASH units?

Answer 51

Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals

Question 52

What is a Hill Burton fund?

Answer 52

a fund to build hospitals

Question 53

before 1983, medicare payments were made to the hospital after the patient received services. How much of the bill was paid was typically paid without question?

Answer 53

the full bill

Question 54

What does DRG stand for?

Answer 54

Diagnosis- related Group system for reimbursement

Question 55

these were implemented to provide prospective payment for hospital services based on the patients admitting diagnosis and thereby to reduce the overall cost to Medicare

Answer 55

DRGS

Question 56

DRGs are determined by what two factors?

Answer 56

Length of Stay and cost of procedures

Question 57

This was a new area of specialization for the professional nurse that was introduced into the hospital and health care setting due to DRGs

Answer 57

``` Case Management (They want to make it efficient, and make each procedure cost the least amount of money. MedCare will give them a flat fee for procedures so if they can do it cheaper, the hosp profits from it.) ```

Question 58

during what years was outpatient surgery drastically improved?

Answer 58

1980s

Question 59

Why did Advanced nurse Practicioners increase in popularity in the 1980s

Answer 59

They could provide primary and preventive care at a lower cost than a doctor

Question 60

Why was there a drop in nursing enrollment in the 1990s?

Answer 60

health care was becoming more complex and nurses were assumed expanded roles

Question 61

In what years did creative shifts, 10 hour days, 4 day workweeks, 12 hour day, 3day workweek, become commonplace in health care facilities?

Answer 61

!990s

Question 62

growing concerns in the 1990s about the health of the nation caused which initiative?

Answer 62

Healthy people 2000

Question 63

what was causing the youth to be at risk in the 1990s?

Answer 63

cigarettes, sex with poly, no exercise, drugs, poor diets

Question 64

this act provides funds for nursing education, recruitment, and retention programs. It was signed by G W Bush in 2002

Answer 64

Nurse Reinvestment Act

Question 65

READ OVER PAGE 18

Answer 65

Last paragraph over Robert Wood Johnson foundation

Question 66

This act represents the broadest changes to the health care system since the creation of medicaid and medicare

Answer 66

ACA; Affordable Care Act