Ch1-4

Question 1

Functional group

Answer 1

Characteristic group of atoms/bonds that possess a predictable chemical behavior

Question 2

Alkenes

Answer 2

Compound with a carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 3

Alcohols

Answer 3

Compounds possessing an OH group

Question 4

Amine

Answer 4

N-H

Question 5

Ether

Answer 5

-O-

Question 6

Aromatic

Answer 6

6 carbon ring with 3 double bonds

Question 7

Amide

Answer 7

Carbon double bond to O and single bond to N

Question 8

Carboxylic acid

Answer 8

Carbon double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydroxide

Question 9

Ester

Answer 9

Carbon double bond to oxygen and a single bond to oxygen

Question 10

Vinylic

Answer 10

Two carbon atoms bearing the double bonds

Question 11

Allylic

Answer 11

The atoms connected directly to the vinylic positions

Question 12

Bronsted-lowry acids and bases

Answer 12

Acid is the proton donor

Base is the proton acceptor

Question 13

Reaction mechanism

Answer 13

They show how the reaction occurs in terms of the motion of electrons

Question 14

Equilibrium

Answer 14

There is no longer an observable change in the concentration of reactants and products

Rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse

Question 15

K eq equation

Answer 15

Keq = [H3O+][A-] / [HA][H2O]

Question 16

Ka equation

Answer 16

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

Ka measures strength of acid

• high Ka = strong acid
• small Ka = weak acid

Question 17

pKa equation

Answer 17

pKa = -log Ka

Strong acid = low pKa
week acid = high pKa

pKa 10 vs 16 (6 orders of magnitude difference= 1 million)

Question 18

Electronegativity

Answer 18

How willing the atom is to except a new electron

Question 19

Ethane

Answer 19

H3-C-C-H3

Question 20

Ethylene

Answer 20

H2-C=C-H2

Question 21

Acetylene

Answer 21

H-C_=C-H

Question 22

Benzene

Answer 22

C6H6 circle

Question 23

Saturated hydrocarbons

Alkanes

Answer 23

Hydrocarbons that lack pie bonds

Names usually end with -ane

Question 24

Alkyl groups

Answer 24

Substituents or branches from parent

Question 25

Calorimeter

Answer 25

Experimental device used to measure heat of combustion

Question 26

Energy

Answer 26

Branched alkanes are lower in energy (more stable) than straight chain alkanes

Question 27

Petro-

Answer 27

Rock

Question 28

-Oleum

Answer 28

Oil

Question 29

Refining

Answer 29

The process of separating crude oil into commercially available products

Question 30

Degenerate

Answer 30

Same amount of energy

Question 31

Torsional strain

Answer 31

The difference in energy between staggered and eclipsed confirmation of ethane