CH1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Anatomy Specializations
Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy
Anatomist methods of study
Regional: relationships between structures
Systemic: group of structures that perform a specific function
Difference between anatomy and physio
Anatomy is about structure
Physiology is about function
How are anatomy and physiology related?
Form is closely related to function
Relating the form to the function of the structures is crucial
What is physiology?
Specialization?
The study of the chemistry and physics of structures
Ex:neurophysiology
Six levels of organization?
Smallest to largest
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Eleven organ systems of the human body
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive
Importance of organization in a human organism?
Distinct internal compartments so that the intercellular environment is separated from the extracellular environment
Metabolism vs anabolism vs catabolism
Anabolism: simple molecules combined to form larger substances
Catabolism: larger substances broken down into simpler molecules
Metabolism is the sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions
Human Responsiveness is?
The ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environment
ie: moving toward sources of nutrients
Human movement is?
Motion of joints, organs, and individual cells.
What is growth?
Increase in body size
What is development (also differentiation)?
Development is the changes the body goes through in life
Differentiation: unspecialized cells become specialized
Importance of oxygen to human survival?
Oxygen facilitates ATP reactions
To “feed” the Brain
Nutrients
Water
Energy-yielding nutrients
And body building nutrients
Why does extreme temperatures threaten human survival?
Chemical reactions in the body only take place in a certain narrow range of body temperature
Pressure in relation to human survival?
Inhibits our ability to breathe
Keeps gasses in bloodstream in the blood
Think Mount Everest
Homeostasis and why it matters
Homeostasis regulates bodies set point for various variables within normal ranges to ensure proper functioning of the body
Negative feedback and positive feedback with examples
Negative feedback: reverses a deviation from the set point
Keeps body’s parameters within normal range
ie: body temp exceeds 98.6 leads to sweating to cool down to homeostasis levels
Positive feedback:intensifies a change in the body
ie: childbirth and bloodloss
Three planes used?
Sagittal: divides organism or organ vertical left to right
Frontal: divides into anterior and posterior
Transverse: divides horizontally into upper and lower portions
What is a serious membrane?
One of the thin membranes that cover the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Uses and drawbacks of XRay
Used to visualize hard body structures ie: teeth and bones
Drawbacks: capable of damaging cells and lead to cancer
4 modern medical imaging techniques
Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Ultrasonography
