Ch.1 Biochemistry

Question 1

Describe HYDROGEN BONDING in water molecules

Answer 1

-vely charged O gets attracted to +vely charged H on ANOTHER H20 molecule

Question 2

Name the properties of water

Answer 2

• Universal solvent
• Regulates temperature
• Density
• Cohesiveness
• Lubricant

Question 3

How does water act as a solvent?

Answer 3

-DISSOLVES chemical substances
• -ve ends of H2O attracted to positive ions
• +ve ends of H2O attracted to negative ions

Question 4

Why is water a good temperature regulator?

Answer 4

•High “specific heat capacity”
•Great amount of energy required to FORM/BREAK H-bonds (so temperature will not change easily)
-High boiling point

Question 5

Why does ice float on water?

Answer 5

•The lattice structure in ice allows more open space between atoms
Less atoms = less mass = less density

Question 6

How does the cohesiveness property of water help in fluid transport in the body?

Answer 6

•H-bonds create surface tension that pulls blood along so the heart doesn’t have to work as hard

Question 7

Similarities and Differences between ACIDS and BASES

Answer 7

• Both dissociate in water
• Dissociation of ACID will result in high HYDROGEN ion concentration [H+]
• Dissociation of BASE will result in high hydroxide ion concentration [OH-]

Question 8

What are buffers?

Answer 8

•Molecules that maintain steady pH levels by reducing the the excess [H+] or [OH-]

Question 9

Name 2 buffers in the human body.

What level is human blood pH maintained at?

Answer 9

• Carbonic Acid (H2CO3) reduces the level of [OH-]
• Bicarbonate ion (HCO3^–1) reduces the level of [H+]
• Buffers help blood to maintain a pH of about 7.4

Question 10

A “Basic” solution is also referred to as an _________ solution. What does it have less of and what is its pH range?

Answer 10

• “Alkaline”
• Less [H+]
• pH 7-14

Question 11

What are MACROMOLECULES or POLYMERS?

Answer 11

•Large molecules that perform various functions in the human body

Question 12

Name 4 macromolecules in the human body

Answer 12

• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids (fats)
• Nucleic Acids

Question 13

What are MONOMERS?

Answer 13

•”Building block molecules for polymers (smallest unit)

Question 14

What are the monomers that make up:
Proteins?
Carbohydrates?

Answer 14

• Proteins are made up of amino acids

* Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides

Question 15

What are the monomers that make up:
Lipids (fats)?
Nucleic Acids?

Answer 15

• Lipids are made up of glycerol and fatty acid

* Nucleic Acids are made up of nucleotides

Question 16

Describe DEHYDRATION/ CONDENSATION SYNTHESIS

Answer 16

• A reaction that joins to monomers together and releases a molecule of H2O in the process
• H atom at one end of combines with OH group at the other end

Question 17

Describe HYDROLYSIS

Answer 17

• A reaction that separates 2 monomers

* H2O molecule is required in the process (added)