CH1: History/Control of Drug Use Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in CH1: History/Control of Drug Use Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is a drug?

A

Substance that alters the body’s physiology but is not a food or nutrient

2
Q

Describe several different classification schemes that are used to categorize drugs.

A
  1. Drug’s effects on behavior
  2. Chemical structure
  3. Origin
  4. Mechanism of action
  5. Legal classification
3
Q

In general what are some of the psychological criteria currently used to diagnose a substance Related disorders (DSM-V changes etc.). What types of disorders are included in this category?

A

-taking larger amounts than intended
-unsuccessful efforts to control use
-craving
-failure to fulfill responsibilities
-withdrawal symptoms
Alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, tobacco, gambling

4
Q

Provide some examples of the classification ‘chemical structure’

A

monoamines, barbiturates (depressants and sedatives)

5
Q

Describe the classification ‘origin’

A

Where the drug comes from (ex: morphine and codeine come from the opium poppy plant)

6
Q

Describe the classification ‘mechanism of action’

A

a. system level: what system is altered?

b. cellular level: which NT system is involved and how?

7
Q

Describe the classification ‘legal classification’

A

The DSM-V schedules drugs 1-5. 1 is highly addictive with 0 medicinal use, 2 and lower is medicinally used, 5 is low addiction rates

8
Q

Describe the classification ‘legal classification’

A

The DSM-V schedules drugs 1-5. 1 is highly addictive with 0 medicinal use, 2 and lower is medicinally used, 5 is low addiction rates

9
Q

History of alcohol use

A
  • oldest drug used by humans (fermented apples)
  • huckleberry wine first recorded in 6400BC
  • animals can get intoxicated from fermented apples
10
Q

History of opioid use

A
  • first recorded in 5000BC, Asia/Middle East for surgery and pain
  • opium poppies grow well in Middle East
11
Q

History of cannabis use

A
  • newest researched system (cannabinoid)
  • first recorded in 2700BC, Asia, originally ingested as tea
  • use peaked during the Prohibition and mid 60s when drugs were blowing up
12
Q

History of cocaine leaves

A
  • Coca leaves first recorded in 2500BC, Incas used to chew on them, very mild effects
  • Freud used to prescribe coke to depressed patients
  • Coca-Cola was originally a tonic of cocaine and caffeine
13
Q

History of tobacco use

A
  • around 1BC, American-Indians used as an “all-cure”
  • nicotine’s natural effect is a pesticide
  • Colgate used to put nicotine in toothpaste to increase sales
14
Q

History of peyote use

A

-introduced by Native Americans, exchanged with Europeans for alcohol

15
Q

Up until when were there very few restrictions on drugs in the US?

A

1900s

16
Q

What drug was once used as toothache drops for teething babies?

A

Cocaine

17
Q

What drug was developed as a cough suppressant and thought to be an alternative to morphine?

A

Heroin

18
Q

Laudanum was a tincture of what?

A

Opium with alcohol

19
Q

Why did marijuana get such a bad rep?

A

Was associated with minorities (stereotypes, racism)

20
Q

What administration was created in 1913?

A

DEA Drug Enforcement Administration

21
Q

What act was enacted in 1984 and why?

A

Emergency Scheduling Act bc people started making drug mixtures that weren’t illegal bc they invented it

22
Q

What act was created in 1914 and why?

A

Harrison Narcotics Act began taxing physicians every time they prescribed opium or cocaine