CH1: INQUIRING ABOUT LIFE

Question 1

the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

scientific study of life

Answer 2

Biology

Question 3

Levels of Biological Organization (smallest to largest, 10)

Answer 3

molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere

Question 4

reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study; helpful but limited scope of life

Answer 4

reductionism

Question 5

due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Answer 5

emergent properties

Question 6

exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts

Answer 6

systems biology

Question 7

lacks nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; smaller than eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

prokaryotic cell

Question 8

membrane-enclosed organelles, nucleus; photosynthesis

Answer 8

eukaryotic cell

Question 9

genetic material in chromosomes; universal language (shows relation in all living things)

Answer 9

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 10

each section of the DNA of the chromosome

Answer 10

genes

Question 11

the process in which information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product (making proteins and amino acids)

Answer 11

gene expression

Question 12

the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Answer 12

genome

Question 13

the study of whole sets of genes (or other DNA in one or more species)

Answer 13

genomics

Question 14

the study of whole sets of proteins encoded by the genome and their properties

Answer 14

proteomics

Question 15

the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells

Answer 15

proteome

Question 16

the use of computational tools to store, organize, analyze the huge volume of data that results from high-throughput methods (quick tech that makes sense of data)

Answer 16

bioinformatics

Question 17

Where does most input energy come from?

Answer 17

the sun (sunlight)

Question 18

rare cases where heat from the earth is the input energy

Answer 18

chemosynthesis

Question 19

photosynthetic organisms

Answer 19

producers

Question 20

organisms that feed on producers and other consumers

Answer 20

consumers

Question 21

when you use energy some is lost as _____ and flows through the ecosystem (enter as light and exit as _____)

Answer 21

heat

Question 22

does earth break the 2nd law of thermodynamics (entropy, or disorder, increases over time in a closed system)?

Answer 22

NO (earth is not a closed system)

Question 23

organisms continuously interacting with others (living together)

Answer 23

symbiosis

Question 24

T/F: interactions of all kinds, between organisms to molecules, with abiotic factors, etc, are important biological systems

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

the output (or product) of a process regulates that very process; how cells can coordinate and regulate various chemical pathways

Answer 25

feedback regulation

Question 26

a loop in which the response reduces the initial stimulus (ex: shivering/sweating mechanisms to regulate body temp)

Answer 26

negative feedback

Question 27

end product speeds up its own production (ex: contractions stimulate oxytocin production which leads to more contractions, looping until the baby is out)

Answer 27

positive feedback

Question 28

what is the most common form of regulation in living organisms?

Answer 28

negative feedback

Question 29

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 29

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 30

evolution accounts for the _____ and _________ of life

Answer 30

unity, diversity

Question 31

what are the 3 kingdoms of Eukarya?

Answer 31

plantae (autotrophic), fungi, animalia

Question 32

How is unity present in the diversity of life?

Answer 32

- DNA as a universal genetic language - similar cell structures

Question 33

What did Darwin observe in natural selection?

Answer 33

traits vary among individuals and are inheritable more offspring are produced than can possibly survive species generally suit their environment

Question 34

What did Darwin infer about natural selection?

Answer 34

individuals with traits best suited for their environment are more likely to survive and breed, changing the population's primary traits over time

Question 35

a way of knowing; an approach to understanding the natural world

Answer 35

science

Question 36

a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena

Answer 36

inquiry

Question 37

recorded observations

Answer 37

data

Question 38

data in the form of recorded descriptions

Answer 38

qualitative

Question 39

numerical measurements (statistically testable)

Answer 39

quantitative

Question 40

generalization from several specific observations

Answer 40

inductive reasoning

Question 41

a tentative answer/educated guess to a well-framed question that is testable and falsifiable

Answer 41

hypothesis

Question 42

logic that flows from general premises to specific conclusions

Answer 42

deductive reasoning

Question 43

manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it

Answer 43

experiment

Question 44

factors that vary in an experiment

Answer 44

variable

Question 45

designed to compare an experimental group with a control group

Answer 45

controlled experiment

Question 46

factor manipulated

Answer 46

independent variable

Question 47

factor that is measured

Answer 47

dependent variable

Question 48

generally supported by a greater body of research and covers a broader scope

Answer 48

theory

Question 49

a species that is easy to grow in the lab and lends itself particularly well to the questions being investigated

Answer 49

model organism

Question 50

to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose

Answer 50

technology

Question 51

what is the strength of science?

Answer 51

that it cannot prove anything to be true (meaning it's open to changing as new knowledge is gained)

Question 52

t/f: the scientific method MUST be strictly followed in order

Answer 52

FALSE (you can rethink and go back a step, etc)

Question 53

what is the goal of science?

Answer 53

to understand the natural world

Question 54

biology vs tech?

Answer 54

discoveries vs inventions

Question 55

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Answer 55

Charles Darwin

Question 56

Unifying Themes of Biology

Answer 56

Organization Information Energy and Matter Interactions Evolution