Ch1 Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards
Division of the anterior/ventral cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Another term for Anterior
Ventral
Another term for Ventral
Anterior
Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules
Anabolism
Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body
Anatomical Position
Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures
Anatomy
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
Anterior
Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules
Catabolism
Position below or lower towards the coccyx
Caudal
Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms
Cell
Medical imaging technique in which computer enhanced cross sectional X ray image is obtained
CT Computed tomography
Compares values to their normal range, deviations cause the activation of an effector
Control center
Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body
Cranial
Another term for cranial
Superior
Another word for superior
Cranial
Division of the posterior cavity that houses the brain
Cranial Cavity
Describes a position farther from the surface of the body
Deep
Changes an organism goes through during its life
Development
Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function
Differentiation
Describes a position farther from the point of attachment - the trunk of the body
Distal
Describes the back or direction towards the back of the body
Dorsal
Another term for dorsal
posterior
Another word for posterior
Dorsal
Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
Dorsal cavity
Organ that can cause a chance in value
Effector
2D vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal Plane
Study of larger structures of the body
Gross anatomy
Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain
Homeostasis
Process of increasing in size
Growth
Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body
Inferior/Caudal
Describes the side or direction toward the side
Lateral
Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
Describes the middle or direction toward the middle
Medial
Sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions
Metabolism
Study of a very small structures of the body using magnification
Microscopic anatomy
Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed
Negative feedback
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center
Normal range
Chemical obtained from foods and bees that is critical to human survival
Nutrient
Functionally distant structure composed of 2 or more types of tissues
Organ
Group of organs that work together to carry out a function
Organ system
Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic fxns of life
Organism
Sac that encloses the heart
Pericardium
Serous membrane that lines the abdomiopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there
Peritoneum
Science that studies the chemistry, biochem, and physics of the body
Physiology
Imaginary 2D surface that passes through the body
Plane
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs
Pleura
Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus
Positive feedback
Medical imaging where radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiologic fans in tissues
PET Positron emission tomography
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body
Posterior
Body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
Posterior/Dorsal
Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance
Pressure
Face down
Prone
Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
Proximal
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions
Regional anatomy
Process by which worn-out cells are replaced
renewal
Processs where new organisms are generated
Reproduction
Ability of an organism or a system to adjust to changes in conditions
Responsiveness
2D vertical plane that divides the body or organ into Right and Left sides
Sagittal Plane
Single flat surface of a 3D structure that has been cut through
Section
Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center
Sensor
Another word for sensor
receptor
Another word for receptor
Sensor
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction
Serosa/Serous Membrane
Ideal value for a physiological parameter, stable, healthful
Set Point
Where is the spinal cord housed?
Spinal cavity or vertebral cavity
Another term for spinal cavity
vertebral cavity
Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body
Superficial
Describes a position above or higher
Superior
Another term for superior
Cranial
Face up
Supine
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems
Systemic Anatomy
Division of the anterior cavity that houses the heart/lungs/esophagus, trachea
Thoracic Cavity
Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a function
Tissue
2D plane horizontal that divides the body/organ into superior/inferior portions
Transverse plane
Application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structure such as tendons and organs
Ultrasonography
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
Ventral
Another word for ventral
Anterior
Another word for Anterior
Ventral
Cavity that includes cavities for lungs, heart, pelvic, abdominal organs
Ventral Cavity
Form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength (solids and gases) Visualize bones and body structures
Xray
Study of Tissues
Histology
Organ System: Hair skin nails
Integumentary System
Organ System: Cartilage, bones, joints
Skeletal System
Organ System: Skeletal Muscles, Tendons
Muscular System
Organ System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves
Nervous System
Organ System: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal Glands, Testes
Endocrine System
Organ System: Heart, Blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
Organ System: Thymus, Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System
