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BSC2085 > Ch1 Sciences Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Ch1 Sciences Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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0
Q

Study of the function of the body parts

A

Physiology

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1
Q

Study of structure and form

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Examines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye

A

Microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

Study of body cells and their internal structure

A

Cytology

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4
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

Investigates the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye such as the intestines and stomach brain heart and kidneys

A

Gross anatomy also called macroscopic anatomy

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6
Q

Includes systemic anatomy, regional anatomy, surface anatomy, comparative anatomy and embryology

A

Gross anatomy

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7
Q

Studies the anatomy of each functional body system example urinary system involving examining kidneys and organs of year and transport and storage which are the ureters and urethra and urinary bladder

A

systemic anatomy

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8
Q

Studies all of the structures in a particular region of the body as a complete unit

A

Regional anatomy

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9
Q

Focusus on both the superficial anatomic markings and the internal body structures I relate to the skin covering them

A

Surface anatomy

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10
Q

Examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

A

Comparative anatomy

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11
Q

Is the discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

A

Embryology

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12
Q

Examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

A

Pathologic anatomy

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13
Q

Investigates the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound, MRI or x-ray

A

Radiographic anatomy

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14
Q

Examines the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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15
Q

Examines her nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous system and how nervous system organs work

A

Neurophysiology

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16
Q

Studies how respiratory gases Are transferred by gas exchange between the lungs and blood vessels supplying the lungs among other things

A

Respiratory physiology

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17
Q

Explores how the regulation of reproductive hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and maturation

A

Reproductive physiology

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18
Q

Investigates the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury to that organ system

A

Pathophysiology

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19
Q

Focus on the form and structures of the small intestine

A

Anatomists

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20
Q

Focus on the function of the small intestine

A

Physiologists

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21
Q

All organisms exhibit a complex structure and order. In the next section we observed that the human body has several increasingly complex levels of organization

A

Organization

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22
Q

Defined as the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the body

A

Metabolism

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23
Q

Small molecules are joined to form larger molecules

24
Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
Catabolism
25
The ability to sense and react to stimuli.
Responsiveness
26
An organism must be able to adjust or direct internal bodily function in the face and environmental changes
Regulation
27
Refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment, or steady-state
Homeostasis
28
The simplest level, and it involves Atoms and molecules
Chemical level
29
The smallest unit of matter
Atoms
30
Formed when two or more atoms combine
Molecule
31
Include some proteins and the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules
Macromolecules
32
Macro molecules form specialized microscopic subunits in cells called____________,Which are microscopic structures found with cells
Organelles
33
The smallest living structures and serve as the basic unit of structure and function in organisms
Cellular level consist of cells
34
Groups of similar cells that perform common functions
Tissue level consist of tissues
35
Contains two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions
Organ level is composed of organs
36
Contains related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function
Organ system level
37
Highest level of structural organization in the body
Organismal level
38
Commonly denoted, each composed of interrelated organs that work in concert to perform specific functions.
Organ systems
39
Major components and characteristics of the 11 organ systems of the human body are
Integumentary system, muscular system, skeletal system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system
40
Provide protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, prevent water loss
Integumentary system
41
Provide support and protection site of hemopoiesis, (blood cell production), stores calcium and phosphorus, provide sites for muscle attachments
Skeletal system
42
Produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract
Muscular system
43
A regulatory system that controls body movements by initiating responses to muscles, processes, and response to sensory stimuli. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory
Nervous system
44
Consist of glands and so clusters that secrete hormones, which regulate development, growth and metabolism, maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume, control digestive processes, and control reproduction
Endocrine system
45
Consist of the heart and blood vessels, the heart moves and blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases, and pick up waste products
Cardiovascular system
46
Transports and filters lymph ( interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and participates in then immune response when necessary
Lymphatic system
47
Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs
Respiratory system
48
Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine and expels urine from the body
Urinary system
49
Mechanically and chemically digest food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products
Digestive system
50
Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (testosterone) transfer sperm to the female
Male reproductive system
51
Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone), receives sperm for mail, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of an embryo and fetus, produces and secretes breastmilk for nourishment of newborn
Female reproductive system
52
Stands upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor the upper limbs are at the sides of the body and the palms face anteriorly toward the front the head is level and The eyes look forward toward the observer
Anatomic position
53
Three major anatomic planes of reference are
Coronal transverse and midsagittal
54
Also, a frontal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body organ into anterior front and posterior back part
Coronal
55
Also called a horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane, divides the body or organ into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) parts
Transverse plane
56
Or median plane, is a vertical plane and divides the body organ into left and right halves
Midsagittal
57
A plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but either to the left or right of the midsagittal plane Divides a structure into left and right portions that may not be equal
Sagittal plane
58
Pass through a structure at an angle
Oblique planes

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