Ch1 test

Question 1

How does a cation form?

Answer 1

a metal loses one of more electrons

Question 2

How does an anion form?

Answer 2

Nonmetal gains one or more electron

Question 3

John Dalton’s Theory: Law of ____ and Law of ____

Answer 3

Law of Definite Proportions and Law of Multiple Proportions

Question 4

Law of Definite Proportions states that….

Answer 4

a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass

Question 5

Law of Multiple Proportions states that….

Answer 5

If two elements form more than one compound between them, then the ratios of the masses of the second element which combine with a fixed mass of the first element will be ratios of small whole numbers.

Question 6

Dalton’s Model of the Atom

Answer 6

the atom was a solid, indivisible sphere

Question 7

Law of conservation states….

Answer 7

Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 8

Compounds are formed when….

Answer 8

Atoms of more than one element combine

Question 9

A given compound always has the ____ relative number and kinds of ____

Answer 9

same; atoms

Question 10

Atoms of an element can be changed into _____ types of atoms by _____

Answer 10

different; chemical reactions

Question 11

John Dalton’s theory

Answer 11

Idea of an atom: a very small particle called an “atom”

Question 12

All atoms of a given element are ____

Answer 12

identical

Question 13

Atoms of ____ elements are ____ and have ____ properties, including ___ masses

Answer 13

Different

Question 14

John Dalton’s contributions (5)

Answer 14

Law of Multiple Proportions, Law of Definite Proportions, Model of the Atom, Law of Conservation, 4 Properties of Atoms

Question 15

J.J. Thomson discovered…

Answer 15

electron in cathode ray expt

Question 16

Thomson revised the model of the atom - how?

Answer 16

Plum pudding model: positively charged pudding, negatively charged plums (electrons)

Question 17

J.J. thomson’s contributions (2)

Answer 17

Discovered electron, refinement of model of atom

Question 18

Robert Millikan

Answer 18

Discovered ratio of charge of electron in oil-drop expt

Question 19

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 19

Discovered nucleus through gold foil expt

Question 20

James Chadwick

Answer 20

Discovered neutron

Question 21

Rutherford’s 3 conclusions about the nucleus

Answer 21

(1) it’s tiny (2) positively charged (3) large mass and dense

Question 22

Rutherford’s model of the atom

Answer 22

Negatively charged electrons orbit like planets, positive charge contained in tiny nucleus

Question 23

problems with Rutherford model

Answer 23

negative electrons would attract to the positive nucleus

Question 24

alpha decay is common for ____

Answer 24

heavy radioactive nuclei

Question 25

beta decay is common for ____

Answer 25

nuclides above zone of stability

Question 26

positron decay is common for ____

Answer 26

nuclides below zone of stability

Question 27

electron capture is common for ___

Answer 27

nuclides below zone of stability where atomic number is less than 20