Ch.1: The evolution of psych

Question 1

Applied psychology:

Answer 1

The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems

Question 2

Clinical psychology:

Answer 2

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of psychological problemsv& disorders

Question 3

Cognition:

Answer 3

Refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

Question 4

Behavior:

Answer 4

Refers to any overt response or activity by an organism

Question 5

Behaviorism:

Answer 5

A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior

Question 6

Structuralism:

Answer 6

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into it’s basic elements & investigate how the elements are related

Question 7

Introspection:

Answer 7

The careful,systematic self observation of ones own conscious experience

Question 8

Functionalism:

Answer 8

Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure

Question 9

Natural Selection:

Answer 9

Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to generations

Question 10

Unconscious:

Answer 10

Contains thought, memories, & desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness

Question 11

Psychoanalytic Theory:

Answer 11

Attempts to explain personality, motivation, & mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determination of behavior

Question 12

Humanism:

Answer 12

A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

Question 13

Ethnocentrism:

Answer 13

The tendency to view ones own group as a superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways

Question 14

Evolutionary Psychology:

Answer 14

Examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

Question 15

Positive Psychology:

Answer 15

Uses theory & research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, & fulfilling aspects of human existence

Question 16

Psychology:

Answer 16

The science that studies behavior & the physiological & cognitive process that underlie it.& it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

Question 17

Psychiatry:

Answer 17

Branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems & disorders

Question 18

Empiricism:

Answer 18

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Question 19

Theory:

Answer 19

A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations

Question 20

Culture:

Answer 20

Refers to the widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institions, & other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations

Question 21

SQ3R:

Answer 21

A study system designed to promote effective reading, which includes five steps: survey, question, read, recite, & review

Question 22

Testwiseness:

Answer 22

The ability to use the characteristics & format of cognitive test to maximize ones score

Question 23

What is Whilhelm Wundt primarily known for?

Answer 23

The establishment of the first formal laboratory for research in psychology

Question 24

What is a statement w which skinners followers would agree?

Answer 24

Free will is an illusion

Question 25

Which hisorical even created a demand for clinicians that was far greater than the supply?

Answer 25

World War II

Question 26

What approach has the most optimistic view of human nature?

Answer 26

Humanism

Question 27

psychology answers the question of whether we are born or made tends to be:

Answer 27

We are both born & made

Question 28

In regard to changing answers on multiple choice tests, research indicates that ________________ changes tend to be more common than other types of changes.

Answer 28

Wrong to right