Ch1 Themes In Development Flashcards
Emphasizing discontinuity: Classic stage theories
- Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev
- Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Dev
- Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Dev
Freud’s theory (Table 1.1)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev. Oral | Birth-1 yr Anal | 1-3 yrs Phallic | 3-5/6 yrs Latency | 6-puberty Genital | Puberty-adulthood
Contemporary multidimensional or systems theories (Chapter 1: pp 17-20)
- Multidimensional or systems theories
* Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory
Multidimensional or systems theories
Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory
Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory
Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory: Macrosystem Exosystem Mesosystem Microsystem Child & Internal Processes
Erikson’s theory (Table 1.2)
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Trust v. Mistrust | Birth-1 yr
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt | 1-3 yr
Initiative v. Guilt | 3-5/6 yr
Industry v. Inferiority | 6-12 yr
Identify v. Role Confusion | 12-20 yr
Intimacy v. Isolation | Young Adulthood
Generativity v. Stagnation | Middle Adulthood
Ego Integrity v. Despair | Late Adulthood
Piaget’s theory (Table 1.3)
Piaget's Cognitive Stages of Development Sensorimotor | Birth-2 yr Preoperational | 2-6/7 yr Concrete Operational | 7-11/12 yr Formal Operational | 12-adulthood
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev.
Oral | Birth-1 yr
Develop special relationship w caregiver
Mouth is source of greatest pleasure: too little/much can cause fixation, traits that actively or symbolically (overdependency) are oral or infantile
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev.
Anal | 1-3 yrs
Anal area is source of greatest pleasure
harsh/overly indulgent toilet training can cause fixation, traits that recall this stage (greedy ir messy)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev.
Phallic | 3-5/6 yrs
Genitalia are source greatest pleasure
sexual desire directed toward opposite-sex parent makes same-sex parent a rival
dear of angering same-sex parent is resolved by identifying w parent (child acquires sex-typed behaviors and moral values). *If child has trouble resolving stage throguh identification, sex role dev may be deviant, moral character weak
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev.
Genital | Puberty-adulthood
Adult sexual needs become most important motivators of behavior
individual seeks to fulfill needs, expend energy in socially acceptable activities (work, marriage *partner substitutes for early object of desire, e.g. parent)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Dev.
Latency | 6-puberty
Relatively quiescent period of personality development.
Sex desires repressed after turmoil
energy directed into work and play
continued consolidation of traits laid down in first 3 stages.
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Trust v. Mistrust
0-1yr
Develops sense that world is safe, reliable place bc of sensitive caregiving
Positive: Hope
Negative: Fear & Mistrust
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
1-3 yr
Develops sense of independence tied to use of new mental and motor skills
Positive: Willpower
Negative: Self-Doubt
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Initiative v. Guilt
3-5/6 yr
Tries to behave in ways that involve more “grown-up responsibility, experiments with grown-up roles
Positive: Purpose
Negative: Guilt over through and action
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Industry v. Inferiority
6-12 yr
Needs to learn important academic skills, compare favorable with peers in school
Positive: Competence
Negative: Lack of Competence
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Identify v. Role Confusion
12-20 yr
Must move toward adulthood by making choices about values, vocational goals, etc.
Positive: Fidelity
Negative: Inability to establish sense of self
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Intimacy v. Isolation
Young Adulthood
Become willing to share identity with others, commit to affiliations and partnerships
Positive: Love
Negative: Fear of intimacy, distancing
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Generativity v. Stagnation
Middle Adulthood
Wishes to make a contribution to the next generation, to produce, mentor, create something of lasting value, as in the rearing of children or community services or expert work
Positive: Care
Negative: Self-Absorption
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development
Ego Integrity v. Despair
Late Adulthood
Comes to terms with life’s successes, failures, missed opportunities, realizes dignity of own life
Positive: Wisdom
Negative: Regret
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Sensorimotor
Birth-2 yr
Infant’s organized actions gradually shift
First all organized behavior is reflexive
By the end of stage, behavior guided more by representational thought
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Preoperational
2-6/7 yr
Early representational thought tends to be slow
thought “centered”, focused on one salient piece of information
thinking is not yet usually logical
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Concrete Operational | 7-11/12 yr
7-11/12 yr
thinking more rapid, efficient
children may now “decenter”, think about more than one thing at a time
Discover logical relationships between/among pieces of information
logical thinking is best about information that can be demonstrated in concrete world
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development
Formal Operational | 12-adulthood
12 yr-adulthood
logical thinking extends to “formal” or abstract material (hypothetical situations)
