CH1 - Theories Flashcards
John Locke
blank slate, experience molds
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
innate sense of justice & morality that unfolds
James Mark Baldwin
(first psychologist at UofT) - stages (later w Piaget); development proceeded from simple behavioral movements gradually coordinated into more complex behaviors then abstract thought
Dr Christopher Green
(York) - psych history website
Platonic epistemology
nature is innate; learning is the development of ideas buried deep in the soul (vs Aristotle epistemology - knowledge through observation & experience)
G. Stanley Hall (Biological)
include children in psychology; evolutionary bio vs physical sciences - racist? Influenced by Ernst →
Ernst Haeckel (Biological)
embryonic development of any organism follows the evolutionary history of its species - ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny
Arnold Gesell (biological)
maturational theory (prearranged scheme) - also normative approach (assessing children similar to same age children) - meaningful to parents by informing of what to expect at each stage
ethological theory (Biological)
many adaptive behaviors are inherited - critical periods
Konrad Lorenz (Biological)
imprinting in chickens as critical period of 1 day
Psychoanalysis perspective
Structures of the mind, components of personality - id, ego, superego (3-5/6 years, phallic stage)
Freud - Psychosexual stages table
Environmental reactions (family’s responses) to hereditary conditions shape adjustment & development
Body ego (sense of self) & psychic skin (holds self together)
Neuropsychoanalysis - psychoanalytic & biological merged
Erik Erikson
(psychoanalytically trained) worked w anna freud → psychodynamic
Psychosocial - 8 stages of unique crisis or social challenge, see table (george vaillant added 6)
Learning perspective
John watson - extended classical conditioning & applied John Locke’s blank slate
Watson & Raynor - little albert
B.F Skinner - operant conditioning → reinforcement (+, addition, an appetitive event or -, removal) & punishments - applied behavioral analysis
Albert Bandura - Social (other ppl are important sources) cognitive (actively trying to understand the world) theory as critique - incorporated social relationships & imitation - also experience gives sense of self-efficacy
Cognitive-developmental perspective
Jean Piaget - natural motivation to make sense of physical & social world - 4 stages of cognitive development
Albert Bandura
Social-cognitive perspective
