Ch10: Assessment and Treatment of Feeding, Eating, and Swallowing Flashcards
(25 cards)
Feeding/Self-feeding,
Defined as the process of setting up, arranging, and bringing food from the table, plate, or cup to the mouth.
Eating
The ability to keep and manipulate food or fluid in the mouth and swallow it
Swallowing
A complex act in which food, fluid, medication, or saliva is moved from the mouth through the pharynx and the esophagus and into the stomach
Mealtime
A family time that provides physical, cognitive, and emotional nourishment to members.
- Arrange the day temporally, provide routine and structure, and offer a time for relaxation, communication, and socialization.
- Parents and children communicate symbolically and emotionally while at the same time satisfying basic nourishment needs.
Childrens Role during Mealtimes
Child is expected to remain seated, attend to the caregiver, feed himself or herself (when age appropriate), communicate with others at the table, and follow family rules for table manners and routines.
Family mealtime roles and participation change as a child moves through the different stages of growth and development, from infancy to adulthood.
- During infancy, parents are responsible for feeding or assisting the child.
- During preschool and school-age years, the parent’s role shifts toward oversight, communication, and discipline.
Feeding and swallowing difficulties are relatively common among children. Feeding and swallowing problems are reported in…
- 10% to 25% of all healthy and typically developing children
- 40% to 70% in premature infants
- 70% to 80% in children with developmental delays or cerebral palsy
Feeding and swallowing disorders can have significant health implications, including…
Adverse effects on growth, nutrition, overall development, and general well-being.
hildren develop difficulties with feeding, eating, and/or swallowing because of…
Medical, oral, sensorimotor, and behavioral factors, either alone or in combination
Most common medical diagnoses associated with feeding dysfunction include…
Prematurity, neuromuscular abnormalities, structural malformations (such as cleft lip and/or palate), gastrointestinal conditions, visual impairments, and tracheostomies
Most frequent diagnoses accompanying feeding disorders in children under 6 years of age.
Cardiorespiratory disease, neurological disease, and gastrointestinal diseases
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Frequent or chronic vomiting after feeding
Gastroesophogeal Reflux
- Normal physiological process that is not unusual for babies, and many infants spit up occasionally as their gastrointestinal system matures
- Infant likely will outgrow these symptoms over time as they gain postural control and stability, with maturation of the gastrointestinal system, and with the transition from a liquid diet to a balance of liquids and solids.
When does GER become problematic?
Problematic when spitting up and vomiting leads to concerns with the infant or child health (ex. esophagitis), ability to eat successfully (refusal, distress w eating, low vol of intake) which leads to poor growth or inadequate weight gain
Most Common Food Allergies
Milk, eggs, soy, wheat, peanuts/tree nuts, and fish/shellfish
Food Allergies may cause…
Esophagitis, vomiting, skin rash, itchiness, abdominal pain, breathing difficulties, and/or discomfort during eating.
-May also contribute to child unwillingness to eat and subsequent maladaptive behavior at mealtimes or learning to accept new or alternative food choices
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Chronic allergen–immune mediated disease that commonly causes children to have symptoms including abdominal pain, vomiting, feeding avoidance, and dysphagia
Competency in Oral Motor Function for feeding is required for…
Safe and Effective Eating
Oral Motor Function Skills
Sucking, Suckling, and Chewing are acquired sequentially in typical development and rely on intact anatomy and physiology
Children with medical diagnoses or developmental disabilities may fail to meet basic nutritional needs because of…
Delayed or deficient oral motor and self-feeding skills
Oral motor dysfunction causing poor nutrition is strongly associated with…
- Poor growth and adverse health outcomes
- These children may exhibit food refusal or selectivity behaviors, vomiting, swallowing difficulty, prolonged mealtimes, poor weight gain, and failure to thrive.
Sensory Issues
Cause children to have challenges with experiencing usual sensory input of mealtimes and may include all channels
-Tactile (touch, texture, temperature)
-Proprioceptive (joint and muscle sensations)
-Vestibular (movement and gravity)
Auditory, taste, and visual systems.
Children with what diagnosis have a high prevalence of feeding difficulties due to sensory, motor, or behavioral challenges influencing the child’s food preferences and willingness to eat?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Although food refusal may be a feature of selective eating, it may represent…
Lack of parent persistence in continuing to offer new foods more than the child’s preferred foods.
