Ch.10 Mitosis Flashcards
(23 cards)
A sexual reproduction
Clones, only one “parent needed” exact copies made
Length of cell cycle
-mitosis?
24 hours
-1 hour
4 stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Zygote
A unicellular organism that divides to become multicellular
Spindel fibers
Aka micro tubules pull DNA apart
Interphase
-Parts of interphase
Cell grows, copies DNA and prepares for division
-G1: gap, everything happens, normal cell function
S: DNA synthesis, DNA is replicated
G2: gap, normal cell function, preparation completed
Why make DNA into a chromosome
Easier to move across the cell if its tight and together, less possible damage
Histone proteins
DNA winds around histones, helps condense it
Chromosome
2 identical sets of DNA, one will go to each side of the cell
Chromatid
One of the identical sets of DNA
Cell only needs on of each
Centromere
Holds chromatids In a chromosome together
Cytokinesis
The actual dividing of the cell membrane
Mitosis
The prepatory process before the cell divides
Prophase
Chromosomes forming,
nuclear envelope dissolves
Mitotic spindle forms
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell
Anaphase
chromosomes pulled apart
Telophase
New nucleus begin to form, DNA unwrapping
How are chromosomes formed
DNA wraps around histone protein
This coils into a tightly packed chromatid
2 sister chromatids held together by a centromere
Kinetochore
The “hands” on the centromere that attach to the spindle fibers so the chromosome can be pulled apart.
Kinetochores form both sides of the chromosome attach to spindle fibers from both poles of the cell
Metaphase plate
An imaginary plane across thee exact middle of the cell
Cleavage furrow
When the membrane begins to pinch in
Identification the cell is dividing
Cytokinesis in plants
A new cell wall begins to form from inside the cell until it fuses with the existing one
Binary fission
How prokaryotes replicate
DNA replicates and moves to opposite sides of the cell
The cell wall fuses in creating 2 new cells
