Ch11 Basic Org Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define general formula
Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
define structural formula
the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
displayed formula
the relative positioning of atoms and bonds between them
skeletal formula
the simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
homologous series
series of organic compounds having same functional group but with each successive member differing by the addition of a -CH2
functional group
a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
alkyl group
CnH2n+1
eg CH3 C2H5
aliphatic
compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
alicyclic
- aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings
- may have side chains
aromatic
compound containing a benzene ring
saturated
single C-C bonds only
unsaturated
presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds
eg C=C, C≡C or aromatic rings
structural isomer
compounds with same molecular formula (Mf) but a different structural formulae
stereoisomer
compound with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
eg E/Z
homolytic fission
- each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair
- forming two radicals
eg Cl2 -> 2Cl•
heterolytic fission
- one bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair
- forms a neg ion w a lone pair of electrons and a pos ion
eg H3C-Cl -> :Cl- + H3C+
radical
species with an unpaired electron
bare reactive
eg Br•
curly arrow
movement of an electron pair
shows heterolytic fission/formation of a covalent bond
