CH12 (Lymphatic System) Flashcards by Emjay Cosico

What are the two semi-independent parts of the lymphatic system?

A. A network of blood vessels and capillaries

B. Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs

C. Bones and muscles

D. Kidneys and liver

B. Lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues and organs

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Which of the following statements is true regarding lymphatic vessels?

a) They transport air to the lungs

b) They transport fluids from the cardiovascular system to tissues

c) They transport fluids that have escaped back to the cardiovascular system

d) They transport nutrients from the digestive system to cells

c) They transport fluids that have escaped back to the cardiovascular system

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What is the function of lymphoid tissues and organs in the lymphatic system?

a) They regulate body temperature

b) They produce red blood cells

c) They house cells involved in body defense and disease resistance

d) They store excess glucose

c) They house cells involved in body defense and disease resistance

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Which cells are housed in lymphoid tissues and organs?

a) Monozygotic cells
b) Phagocytic cells
c) Lymphocytes
d) Muscle cells

b) Phagocytic cells

c) Lymphocytes

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What role do lymphocytes play in the lymphatic system?

a) They transport oxygen
b) They fight infection and disease
c) They produce insulin
d) They regulate blood pressure

b) They fight infection and disease

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What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

a) Carrying oxygen to tissues

b) Transporting excess interstitial fluid back to cardiovascular circulation

c) Regulating body temperature

d) Producing hormones

b) Transporting excess interstitial fluid back to cardiovascular circulation

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How do lymphatic vessels contribute to immune surveillance?

a) By transporting nutrients to cells

b) By carrying fluids away from the cardiovascular system

c) By allowing immune cells to scan fluids for foreign particles in lymph nodes

d) By filtering toxins from the bloodstream

c) By allowing immune cells to scan fluids for foreign particles in lymph nodes

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Why are lymph nodes essential?

a) They produce red blood cells
b) They regulate blood pressure
c) They monitor the body for infection
d) They store excess glucose

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What role do porous lymphatic vessels play in the lymphatic system?

a) They transport fluids to the kidneys for filtration

b) They take in fluids from the extracellular space and carry them through lymph nodes

c) They deliver nutrients to tissues

d) They regulate hormone levels

b) They take in fluids from the extracellular space and carry them through lymph nodes

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Which cells scan the fluids for foreign particles?

a. hemoglobin cells
b. tumor cells
c. immune cells
d. endocrine cells

c. immune cells

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How much excess fluid, on average, becomes part of the interstitial fluid daily?

a. 14L
b. 5L
c. 3L
d. 9L

c. 3L

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Why must excess tissue fluid be carried back to the blood?

a) To prevent edema
b) To increase blood volume
c) To produce plasma proteins
d) To decrease blood pressure

a) To prevent edema

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What happens if excess tissue fluid is not returned to the blood?

a) Oxygen levels in tissues increase
b) Fluid accumulates in the tissues
c) Blood pressure decreases
d) Plasma proteins escape from the blood

b) Fluid accumulates in the tissues

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What is the function of the lymphatic vessels?

a) To transport nutrients to cells
b) To form an elaborate drainage system that picks up excess interstitial fluid
c) To produce red blood cells
d) To store excess glucose

b) To form an elaborate drainage system that picks up excess interstitial fluid

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Means clear water; other name for the interstitial fluid

a. cell
b. phagocyte
c. lymph
d. lymphocyte

c. lymph

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In which direction does lymph flow within the lymphatic vessels?

a) Away from the heart
b) Toward the heart
c) Laterally
d) Upwards

b) Toward the heart

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Where do microscopic lymph capillaries primarily weave?

a) Within bone tissue
b) Between muscle fibers
c) Between tissue cells and blood capillaries in loose connective tissues
d) Within the brain

c) Between tissue cells and blood capillaries in loose connective tissues

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How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries in terms of permeability?

a) Lymphatic capillaries are impermeable

b) Lymphatic capillaries are less permeable

c) Lymphatic capillaries are equally permeable

d) Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable

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How were lymphatic capillaries once thought to be structured?

a) Open-ended like straws
b) Closed loops
c) Tightly sealed
d) Semi-permeable

a) Open-ended like straws

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What structural feature of lymphatic capillaries allows for one-way flow of lymph?

a) Endothelial cells
b) Muscle fibers
c) Edges of the endothelial cells
d) Blood cells

c) Edges of the endothelial cells

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What causes the flaps of endothelial cells to gape open? (best answer)

a) High pressure in the interstitial space

b) Low pressure in the interstitial space

c) High pressure in the lymphatic vessels

d) Low pressure in the lymphatic vessels

a) High pressure in the interstitial space

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What causes the flaps of endothelial cells to close? (best answer)

a) High pressure in the interstitial space

b) Low pressure in the interstitial space

c) High pressure in the lymphatic vessels

d) Low pressure in the lymphatic vessels

c) High pressure in the lymphatic vessels

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How are the flaps of lymphatic capillaries anchored?

a) By lymphocytes
b) By red blood cells
c) By fine collagen fibers
d) By muscle cells

c) By fine collagen fibers

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Allows fluids to enter the lymphatic capillary

a) High pressure in the interstitial space

b) Low pressure in the interstitial space

c) High pressure in the lymphatic vessels

d) Low pressure in the lymphatic vessels

a) High pressure in the interstitial space

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Prevents the lymph from leaking back out and forcing it along the vessel. a) High pressure in the interstitial space b) Low pressure in the interstitial space c) High pressure in the lymphatic vessels d) Low pressure in the lymphatic vessels

c) High pressure in the lymphatic vessels

What is normally prevented from entering blood capillaries but can easily enter lymphatic capillaries? a) Proteins b) Cell debris c) Bacteria and viruses d) All of the above

d) All of the above

In which areas do proteins and larger particles enter lymphatic capillaries more easily? a) Healthy tissues b) Inflamed areas c) Muscles d) Bone marrow

b) Inflamed areas

What can bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells use to travel throughout the body? a) Blood capillaries b) Lymphatic capillaries c) Muscle fibers d) Nerve cells

b) Lymphatic capillaries

How is the dilemma of pathogens using lymphatics resolved? a) By closing lymphatic capillaries b) By allowing lymph to flow directly into the bloodstream c) By cleansing lymph in lymph nodes d) By reducing the production of white blood cells

c) By cleansing lymph in lymph nodes

Where does lymph take detours to be cleansed of debris and examined by cells of the immune system? a) Blood vessels b) Lymphatic vessels c) Lungs d) Lymph nodes

d) Lymph nodes

What term is used to refer to successively larger lymphatic vessels through which lymph is transported? a) Lymphatic capillaries b) Lymph nodes c) Lymphatic collecting vessels d) Lymphatic arteries

c) Lymphatic collecting vessels

Lymph is returned to the venous system through what? a) Through large ducts in the thoracic region b) Through lymphatic capillaries c) Through large ducts in the medial region d) Through blood vessels

a) Through large ducts in the thoracic region

Which regions does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from? a) Left arm and left side of the head and thorax b) Right arm and right side of the head and thorax c) Both arms and head d) Both legs and abdomen

b) Right arm and right side of the head and thorax

What receives lymph from the rest of the body? a) right lymphatic duct b) left lymphatic duct c) large thoracic duct d) superior thoracic duct

c) large thoracic duct

How do the walls of lymphatic vessels compare to veins of the cardiovascular system? (best answer) a) Lymphatic vessel walls are thicker b) Lymphatic vessel walls are thinner c) Both are thin walled d) There are no similarities

c) Both are thin walled

What feature do larger lymphatic vessels share with veins? a) Capillaries b) Arteries c) Valves d) Smooth muscle

c) Valves

What type of system is the lymphatic system in terms of pressure? a) High-pressure system b) Low-pressure system c) Pressure-free system d) Variable-pressure system

b) Low-pressure system

How is lymph transported in the lymphatic system? a) Magic b) By gravity c) By the milking action of skeletal muscles and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing d) Letter a is the answer

c) By the milking action of skeletal muscles and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing

What aids in the rhythmic pumping of lymph? a) Skeletal muscles b) Smooth muscle in the walls of the larger lymphatics c) Pressure changes in the abdomen d) Lymph node contractions

b) Smooth muscle in the walls of the larger lymphatics

Besides returning tissue fluid to circulation, what additional role does the lymphatic system play? a) Digesting nutrients b) Storing excess glucose c) Playing a major role in immunity d) Regulating body temperature

c) Playing a major role in immunity

What do cells in lymph nodes primarily do to protect the body? a) Produce insulin b) Remove oxygen from the lymphatic stream c) Remove foreign material d) Transport nutrients

c) Remove foreign material

Where are particularly large clusters of lymph nodes found in the body? a) Inguinal region b) Axillary region c) Cervical region d) All of the above

d) All of the above

What is the primary role of macrophages within lymph nodes? a) Producing insulin b) Engulfing and destroying foreign substances c) Transporting nutrients d) Regulating body temperature

b) Engulfing and destroying foreign substances

When do macrophages engulf bacteria in the lymph? a) Before it is returned to the blood b) After it is returned to the blood c) Tamad sila, they do not d) Whenever they want

a) Before it is returned to the blood

What do collections of lymphocytes in lymph nodes do? a) Store excess glucose b) Respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream c) Produce red blood cells d) Store excess oxygen

b) Respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream

Collections of lymphocytes are also strategically located where? a) blood vessels b) skeletal system c) lymph nodes d) pituitary gland

c) lymph nodes

What is commonly referred to as "swollen glands" during an active infection? a) Salivary glands b) Thyroid glands c) Lymph nodes d) Adrenal glands

c) Lymph nodes

Why do lymph nodes swell during an active infection? a) Due to excess production of insulin b) Due to increased blood flow c) Due to the trapping function of the nodes d) Due to lymphocyte depletion

c) Due to the trapping function of the nodes

**True or False**: Most of us have had “swollen glands” during an active infection.

True

50th question na, kaya pa?

haha

What is the typical shape of most lymph nodes? a) Circular b) Oval c) Kidney-shaped d) Rectangular

c) Kidney-shaped

Approximately how long are most lymph nodes? a) 1 millimeter b) 1 centimeter c) 1 meter d) 1 kilometer

b) 1 centimeter

Where are connective tissues "buried"? a) On the surface of the skin b) Inside organs c) Connective tissue d) Bloodstream

c) Connective tissue

What surrounds each lymph node? a) Muscles b) Nerves c) A fibrous capsule d) Blood vessels

c) A fibrous capsule

What extends inward to divide the node? a) By layers of fat b) By blood vessels c) Trabeculae d) By lymphocytes

c) Trabeculae

What is the internal framework of lymph nodes made of? a) Bone b) Cartilage c) Reticular connective tissue d) Blood

c) Reticular connective tissue

How is the internal framework of lymph nodes described? a) Like a sponge b) Like a gun c) Like a bleacher d) Like a dead ghost

c) Like a bleacher

Where do lymphocytes arise from initially? a) White bone marrow b) Yellow bone marrow c) Red bone marrow d) Blue bone marrow

c) Red bone marrow

After arising from the bone marrow, where do lymphocytes migrate to? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Lymph nodes d) Other lymphoid organs

c & d

What does the internal framework provide for lymphocytes in lymph nodes? a) chikahan b) a place to “sit” as they monitor the lymphatic stream c) a place to “sleep” as they monitor the lymphatic stream d) need ba talaga to tanungin or nawawalan lang ako ng matanong

b) a place to “sit” as they monitor the lymphatic stream

What part of the lymph node contains collections of lymphocytes called follicles? a) Cortex b) Medulla c) Hilum d) Trabeculae

a) Cortex

What are the dark-staining centers within follicles called? a) Nodes b) Nodules c) Germinal centers d) Medullary cords

c) Germinal centers

What happens to the germinal centers in the cortex when B cells are generating daughter? a) They shrink in size b) They remain the same size c) They enlarge d) They disappear

c) They enlarge

What are the daughter cells produced by B cells called? a) plasma cells b) tumor cells c) stem cells d) physiological cells

a) plasma cells

What do plasma cells release? a) Hormones b) Insulin c) Antibodies d) Neurotransmitters

c) Antibodies

What is the main role of T cells in the lymph nodes? a) Producing antibodies b) Killing pathogens c) Performing surveillance d) Regulating blood sugar

c) Performing surveillance

Where do T cells circulate continuously between? a) Bone marrow and spleen b) Brain and lymph nodes c) Blood, lymph nodes, and lymphatic stream d) Lungs and liver

c) Blood, lymph nodes, and lymphatic stream

What are the so-called T-cells? a) Transport cells b) Lymphocytes “in transit” c) Tanging deptals 'to d) Tuberculosis

b) Lymphocytes “in transit”

What is contained within the medullary cords of a lymph node? a) B cells only b) T cells only c) Both B and T cells d) Phagocytic macrophages

c) Both B and T cells

Where are phagocytic macrophages primarily located within the lymph node? a) Cortex b) Frontal lobe c) Germinal centers d) Central medulla

d) Central medulla

Through which vessels does lymph enter the convex side of a lymph node? a) Efferent lymphatic vessels b) Sinuses c) Afferent lymphatic vessels d) Blood vessels

c) Afferent lymphatic vessels

Through which vessels does lymph exit? a) Efferent lymphatic vessels b) Sinuses c) Afferent lymphatic vessels d) Blood vessels

a) Efferent lymphatic vessels

Indented region of the lymph node a) hilum b) ilium c) hilium d) helium

a) hilum

Why is the flow of lymph through the lymph node described as slow? a) Due to high pressure in efferent vessels b) Due to low pressure in afferent vessels c) Due to the small size of the lymph node d) Due to fewer efferent vessels draining the node

d) Due to fewer efferent vessels draining the node

What analogy is used to describe the flow of lymph through the lymph node? a) Like water flowing through a faucet b) Like sand flowing through an hourglass c) Like wind blowing through a tunnel d) Like electricity flowing through a wire

b) Like sand flowing through an hourglass

What advantage does the slow flow of lymph through the node provide? a) It prevents the entry of pathogens b) It allows time for lymphocytes and macrophages to perform their protective functions c) It speeds up the immune response d) It increases blood circulation

b) It allows time for lymphocytes and macrophages to perform their protective functions

What is one of the primary functions of lymph nodes in the body? a) Regulating body temperature b) Storing excess glucose c) Ridding the body of infectious agents and cancer cells d) Producing insulin

c) Ridding the body of infectious agents and cancer cells

What happens to lymph nodes when they are overwhelmed by large numbers of bacteria or viruses? a) They shrink in size b) They become inflamed, swollen, and tender to the touch c) They become inactive d) They produce antibodies

b) They become inflamed, swollen, and tender to the touch

How does swelling in lymph nodes typically behave when fighting infection? a) It is temporary b) It is persistent c) It remains unchanged d) It fluctuates randomly

a) It is temporary

What happens to lymph nodes over time if they contain cancer cells? a) They shrink in size b) They die c) The swelling persists d) Consult your doctor

d) The swelling persists

What distinguishes swelling in lymph nodes caused by infection from that caused by cancer? a) Duration b) Color c) Texture d) Temperature

a) Duration

**True or False**: spleen is a type of lymphoid organ

True

**True or False**: thymus is a type of lymphoid organ

True

**True or False**: tonsils is a type of lymphoid organ

True

**True or False**: Peter's patches is a type of lymphoid organ

False; Peyer's

**True or False**: Lymph nodes is a type of lymphoid organ

True

**True or False**: Peyer's patter is a type of lymphoid organ

False; Peyer's patches

The only organ that can filter lymph a) Spleen b) Peyer's patches c) Lymph node d) Red blood cell

c) Lymph node

Where is the spleen located within the body? a) Beneath the diaphragm b) Left side of the abdominal cavity c) Anterolateral aspect of the stomach d) All of the above

d) All of the above

What does the spleen primarily filter and cleanse? a) Lymph b) Oxygen c) Blood d) Nutrients

c) Blood

Besides its role in immune surveillance, what is the most important function of the spleen? a) Destroying worn-out white blood cells b) Filtering lymph c) Destroying worn-out red blood cells d) Producing insulin

c) Destroying worn-out red blood cells

What does the spleen primarily do with worn-out red blood cells? a) Recycle them to produce new red blood cells b) Store them for future use c) Destroy them d) Send them to the lungs

c) Destroy them

What happens to iron extracted from hemoglobin in the spleen? a) It is stored in the spleen b) It is secreted in bile c) It is used again for making hemoglobin d) It is excreted in urine

c) It is used again for making hemoglobin

Where are the breakdown products of hemoglobin, apart from iron, secreted? a) In urine b) In lymph c) In bile d) In blood

c) In bile

Besides its functions in destroying worn-out red blood cells, what other roles does the spleen serve? a) Storing platelets b) Acting as a blood reservoir c) Filtering lymph d) Walang kwenta spleen

a & b

What happens to the spleen and liver during hemorrhage? a) They expand and store more blood b) They contract and empty their blood into circulation c) They become inactive d) They produce more red blood cells

b) They contract and empty their blood into circulation

What is the main function of the spleen in the fetus? a) Destroying red blood cells b) Acting as a blood reservoir c) Storing platelets d) Hematopoietic (blood cell–forming) site

d) Hematopoietic (blood cell–forming) site

What does the adult spleen primarily produce? a) Red blood cells b) Platelets c) Lymphocytes d) White blood cells

c) Lymphocytes

At what stage of life does the thymus function at its peak level? a) Birth b) Death c) Old age d) Youth

d) Youth

Where is the thymus located within the body? a) Behind the kidneys b) Anterior mediastinum c) Superior phalanges d) In the abdominal cavity

b) Anterior mediastinum

What is the main function of the tonsils? a) Producing insulin b) Trapping and removing foreign pathogens c) Filtering lymph d) Regulating body temperature

b) Trapping and removing foreign pathogens

What condition arises when tonsils become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen, and sore? a) Tonsillitis b) Pharyngitis c) Laryngitis d) Rhinitis

a) Tonsillitis

Organ the tonsils surround a) Larynx b) Pharynx c) Tongue d) Esophagus

b) Pharynx

Where are the tonsils located? a) deep to the teeth b) deep to the mucosa c) deep to the phalanges d) deep to the gastronomy

b) deep to the mucosa

Where are Peyer's patches typically found within the body? a) Stomach b) Small intestine c) Large intestine d) Esophagus

b) Small intestine

What structures are similar to Peyer's patches? a) Tonsils b) Lymph nodes c) Lymphoid follicles d) Spleen

a) Tonsils

A tubelike offshoot of the proximal large intestine a) Tonsils b) Lymph nodes c) Appendix d) Spleen

c) Appendix

What is the collective term for Peyer's patches, the appendix, and the tonsils? a) Tertiary lymphoid organs b) Secondary lymphoid organs c) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) d) Hematopoietic tissues

c) Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

What is the primary function of MALT? a) Filtering lymph b) Producing insulin c) Protection d) Regulating body temperature

c) Protection

Which body cavities are protected by MALT? a) Upper respiratory and lower digestive tracts b) Lower respiratory and upper digestive tracts c) Upper respiratory and digestive tracts d) Lower respiratory and lower digestive tracts

c) Upper respiratory and digestive tracts