Ch.12 The Cell Cycle

Question 0

A method of asexual reproduction by “division in half”

Answer 0

Binary Fission

Question 1

The third stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated & the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell

Answer 1

Anaphase

Question 2

A mass of abnormal cells w/ specific genetic & cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site & generally remain at the site of the tumor’s origin

Answer 2

Benign Tumor

Question 3

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two

Answer 3

Cell Cycle

Question 4

A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis

Answer 4

Cell Plate

Question 5

In a duplicated chromosome, the region in each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other by proteins that bind to a specific DNA sequences

Answer 5

Centromere

Question 6

A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center & is important during cell division

Answer 6

Centrosome

Question 7

A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Chromosomes

Question 8

The complex of DNA & proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 8

Chromatin

Question 9

The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane

Answer 9

Cleavage

Question 10

The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell, a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate

Answer 10

Cleavage Furrow

Question 11

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II

Answer 11

Cytokinesis

Question 12

The genetic material of an organism or virus

Answer 12

Genome

Question 13

A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm

Answer 13

Gametes

Question 14

The first gap, or growth phase; of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins

Answer 14

G1 Phase

Question 15

The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs

Answer 15

G2 Phase

Question 16

The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing

Answer 16

Interphase

Question 17

A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle

Answer 17

Kinetochore

Question 18

A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

Answer 18

Mitosis

Question 19

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis & cytokinesis

Answer 20

Mitotic (M) Phase

Question 21

The second stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete & the chromosomes, attached to the microtubules at their kinetochore, are all aligned at the metaphase plate

Answer 21

Metaphase

Question 22

An imaginary structure located at a plane midway btwn the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located

Answer 22

Metaphase Plate

Question 23

A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic & cellular changes & are capable of invading & surviving new sites

Answer 23

Malignant Tumor

Question 24

The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site

Answer 24

Metastasis

Question 25

The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, & the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact

Answer 25

Prophase

Question 26

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors

Answer 26

Somatic Cell

Question 27

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of the interphase during which DNA is replicated

Answer 27

S Phase

Question 28

The fourth & final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming & cytokinesis has typically begun

Answer 28

Telophase

Question 29

The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell

Answer 29

Transformation