Ch.13 "Social"

Question 1

social psychology:

Answer 1

the study of the causes and consequences of sociality; why do we interact so much?

Question 2

what do we resort to when trying to obtain limited resources?

Answer 2

aggression and cooperation

Question 3

aggression:

Answer 3

behavior intended to hurt another

Question 4

best predictor of aggression?

Answer 4

sex

Question 5

women’s acts of aggression are mostly:

Answer 5

relational aggression

Question 6

testosterone is higher in:

Answer 6

criminals, cultures with honor, and younger men

Question 7

cooperation is:

Answer 7

risky

Question 8

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if A and B cooperate they get:

Answer 8

1 year each

Question 9

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if A and B don’t cooperate they get:

Answer 9

10 years each

Question 10

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if A cooperates, but B doesn’t, they get:

Answer 10

30 and 0 years respectively

Question 11

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if B cooperates, but A doesn’t, they get:

Answer 11

30 and 0 years respectively

Question 12

how do we deal with risk?

Answer 12

by being sensitive to and punishing cheaters; forming groups

Question 13

the ultimatum game shows that:

Answer 13

we punish unfairness even if we get something out of it; declining money split unfairly, thus no one gets anything

Question 14

people don’t want to be seen as cheaters because:

Answer 14

people won’t cooperate with them; honor system

Question 15

favoritism towards our own:

Answer 15

groups

Question 16

prejudice:

Answer 16

a positive or negative EVALUATION of another person based on their group membership

Question 17

discrimination:

Answer 17

positive or negative BEHAVIOR toward another person based on their group membership.

Question 18

deindividuation:

Answer 18

caring more about your group’s values than your own; political parties

Question 19

diffusion of responsibility:

Answer 19

bystander effect

Question 20

exclusion from groups (rejection) activates:

Answer 20

physical pain receptors in the brain; ACC and RVPC areas

Question 21

altruism:

Answer 21

behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself

Question 22

reciprocal altruism:

Answer 22

helping someone and expecting something in return

Question 23

attraction caused by:

Answer 23

situational, physical, and psychological factors

Question 24

situational factors:

Answer 24

proximity

mere exposure effect

arousal can be misinterpreted as attraction; horror movie

Question 25

physical factors:

Answer 25

body shape- dominance & fertility symmetry- health age- resources & fertility

Question 26

psychological factors:

Answer 26

inner qualities- personality, point of view, attitude, beliefs, values, ambitions, and abilities

Question 27

passionate love:

Answer 27

euphoria, intimacy, intense sexual attraction; burns out quickly

Question 28

companionate love:

Answer 28

affection, trust, & concern; develops slower, but lasts longer

Question 29

what part of the brain is active when thinking of someone's attributes?

Answer 29

medial prefrontal cortex

Question 30

social cognition:

Answer 30

processes by which people come to understand others

Question 31

stereotyping:

Answer 31

drawing inferences about others based on knowledge of the categories to which others belong; can be inaccurate, overused, blind to variability, self-perpetuating, confirmation bias

Question 32

attribution:

Answer 32

an inference about the cause of a person's behavior

Question 33

situational attributions:

Answer 33

attribute the external situation as cause; traffic

Question 34

dispositional attributions:

Answer 34

attribute someone's internal disposition as cause; lazy

Question 35

Correspondence bias:

Answer 35

making a dispositional attribute when a person's behavior was caused by the situation; blaming laziness when really traffic; fundamental attribution error

Question 36

actor-observer effect:

Answer 36

making a situational attribution for our own behavior while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others; I was sick, but he's just lazy

Question 37

social influence:

Answer 37

ability to control another person's behavior using: hedonic, approval, and accuracy motive

Question 38

hedonic motive:

Answer 38

pleasure seeking; basic; reward and punishment on behavior; operant conditioning

Question 39

approval motive:

Answer 39

normative influence- another person's behavior provides info. about what is appropriate norm of reciprocity- "you owe me one" door-in-the-face technique- big then small request conformity obedience

Question 40

accuracy motive:

Answer 40

informational influence: others' behavior provides info. on what is good & right; right is better than wrong

Question 41

systematic persuasion:

Answer 41

appeals to reason

Question 42

heuristic persuasion:

Answer 42

appeals to habits or emotions

Question 43

foot-in-the-door:

Answer 43

small then large request

Question 44

cognitive dissonance:

Answer 44

inconsistency between actions and believes is stressful; change beliefs to match actions; "I love my job."

Question 45

ppl asked to do a dull task, then given $1 and $20 to recruit ppl; which report actually liking the test?

Answer 45

those given $1 because they had to convince themselves that they did; cognitive dissonance does not work if we get rewards for lying to ourselves.

Question 46

frustration-aggression hypothesis:

Answer 46

animals aggress when and only when their goals are frustrated

Question 47

disadvantage of groups:

Answer 47

pay less attention to expertise and more to status; leads to bad decisions sometimes

Question 48

ACC:

Answer 48

anterior cingulate cortex- physical pain

Question 49

RVPC:

Answer 49

pain relief

Question 50

whoever makes the "first move" is more ..... , the other person then tends to be more .....

Answer 50

eager; choosy

Question 51

social exchange:

Answer 51

the hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits

Question 52

comparison level:

Answer 52

the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship

Question 53

equity:

Answer 53

a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal

Question 54

perceptual confirmation:

Answer 54

the tendency for people to see what they expect to see

Question 55

subtyping:

Answer 55

the tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them

Question 56

stereotyping occurs:

Answer 56

unconsciously and automatically

Question 57

negative effect:

Answer 57

aggression is more likely to occur when a person is experiencing negative situations; temperature