Ch.17 Endocrine

Question 1

molecules that act as chemical messengers & bind to receptors on target cells to create metabolic response

Answer 1

hormone

Question 2

cells that produce a product that goes into a duct

Answer 2

exocrine glands

Question 3

cells that produce a hormone that is secreted into intersticious fluid then into blood

Answer 3

endocrine glands

Question 4

cells having specific protein receptors for recognizing and binding a given hormone

Answer 4

target cells

Question 5

example of endocrine gland

Answer 5

pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
hypothalamus
pineal
pancreas

Question 6

example of exocrine gland

Answer 6

sweat glands
salivary gland
digestive glands

Question 7

what part of the brain controls pituitary gland?

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

what are tropic hormones?

Answer 8

hormones that target other endocrine glands

Question 9

what else is the pituitary gland known as?

Answer 9

the hypothesis

Question 10

what is the stalk like structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

infundibulum

Question 11

what are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

Answer 11

anterior-adenohypothesis

posterior-neurohypothesis

Question 12

7 hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

Answer 12

hGH-stimulates tissue to synthesize & secrete insulin-like growth factors

TSH-stimulates synthesis & secretion of thyroid hormones t3 & t4 from thyroid gland

FSH-initiates oocytes , stimulates ovarian estrogen & testes sperm

LH- stimulates secretion of estrogen & progesterone / testes testosterone

PRL- with other hormones promotes milk from mammary glands

ACTH- stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) from adrenal cortex of adrenal gland

MSH- role unknown- may influence brain activity/when excess amounts can cause darkening of skin

Question 13

2 hormones stored and secreted by posterior pituitary gland

Answer 13

OT- stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus during childbirth

ADH-conserves body water by acting on the collecting ducts of kidneys to decrease urine volume/decreases water loss through perspiration/raises blood pressure by constricting arterioles

Question 14

where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 14

below larynx

Question 15

what structure connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?

Answer 15

isthmus

Question 16

what do the follicle cells synthesize?

Answer 16

TGB

Question 17

which two thyroid hormones are produced by thyroglobulin?

Answer 17

t3 & t4

Question 18

where are parafollicular cells (c cells) located?

Answer 18

along side thyroid follicle

Question 19

which hormone is produced by the parafollicular cells (c cells)?

Answer 19

calcitonin

Question 20

describe the location of the parathyroid glands

Answer 20

on posterior surface of thyroid

Question 21

typically there are how many parathyroid glands?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands? what cells produce this hormone?

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone - chief cells

Question 23

What 3 hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 23

t3 & t4- increases rate of body metabolism & cellular oxidation, stimulates synthesis of proteins, increases use of glucose & fatty acids for ATP production

calcitonin-lowers blood levels of calcium & phosphates by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclast and accelerating bone deposition of calcium and phosphates into bone by osteoblasts

Question 24

what do the pancreatic acini cells secrete?

Answer 24

digestive enzymes

Question 25

are pancreatic acini cells endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 25

exocrine

Question 26

what hormone is secreted by alpha cells? what’s its function?

Answer 26

glucagon - increased blood glucose when low

Question 27

what hormone is secreted by the beta cells? what’s its function?

Answer 27

insulin- decreases blood glucose when too high

Question 28

are alpha and beta cells endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 28

endocrine

Question 29

what are pancreatic islets?

Answer 29

groups of cells in pancreas

Question 30

what’s another name for pancreatic islets?

Answer 30

islet of langerhans

Question 31

what two hormones are produced by the ovaries?

Answer 31

estrogen & progesterone

Question 32

what hormone do testes produce?

Answer 32

testosterone

Question 33

where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 33

roof of 3rd ventricle in the brain

Question 34

what hormone does the pineal gland secrete? what’s its function?

Answer 34

melatonin - to regulate sleep cycle

Question 35

where is the thymus gland located?

Answer 35

mediastinum

Question 36

what hormone is produced by the thymus gland? whats its function?

Answer 36

thymosin- produces hormones to regulate metabolism

Question 37

why do older individuals have decreased immune function & more prone to sickness?

Answer 37

lower levels of thymosins