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Med Surge > Ch.18 > Flashcards

Ch.18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cancer

A

Abnormal, unrelated, unrestricted, and uncontrolled cell division

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2
Q

Neoplasm

A

Malignancy (can metastasize)

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3
Q

Benign

A

Abnormal growth ( not going to spread but causes problems)

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4
Q

Malignant

A

Cancer that spreads other places

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5
Q

Metastasis

A

Can spread by blood, lymph can diffuse from organ to cavity or other organs

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6
Q

Carcinogen

A

Cancer causing agent

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7
Q

PSA

A

Prostate specific antigen(blood test for prostate cancer)

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8
Q

Myelosuppression

A

Suppressed red blood cells

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9
Q

Alopecia

A

Loss of hair ( due to radiation or chemotherapy)

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10
Q

Anemia

A

Low red blood count

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11
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low white blood count

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12
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelets

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13
Q

Desquamation

A

Side effect of radiation (shedding of skin) (skin scales or breaks)

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14
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Biotherapy to boost immune system

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15
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

Shrink or debulk tumor

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16
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Radiation more direct treatment implants in body ( short distance radioactive)

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17
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer of epithelial tissue

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18
Q

Xerostomia

A

Excessively dry mouth

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19
Q

Lymphoma

A

Organs that fight infections

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20
Q

Biopsy

A

Most definitive absolute way to see if it’s cancer

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21
Q

Palliation

A

Their not going to be cured (keep comfortable)

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22
Q

Vesicant

A

Type of chemical that can cause tissue necrosis if it gets on skin

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23
Q

“Key to survival”

A

Prevention (get screenings and eliminate risk factors)

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24
Q

Melanoma

A

Worst skin cancer ( can grow) ( can be in eye)

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25
Hypoalbuminemia
Low albumin in blood
26
Malabsorption
Not absorbed correctly
27
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar
28
Graft vs host disease
Reaction from stem cell transplant
29
Allogenic BMT
They get from donor that’s compatible
30
Fibrosis
Accumulation of radiation in chest
31
“Cure” according to ACS
Survivor
32
Food aversion
When person takes chemo then eats and then gets sick ( blames it on the food)
33
Simulation
Mask or marking of skin (mark where radiation goes
34
Neutropenia
Low white count
35
Chemotherapy
Treating cancer with chemicals
36
Teletherapy
External therapy (radiation) (short distance)
37
Stomatitis
Sores in mouth
38
Cachexia
Skin and bones (waste away)
39
Sarcoma
Connective tissue cancer
40
Leukemia
Organs that form blood ( extremely high white blood count)
41
Salvage surgery
To get tumor out but hopefully save organs
42
Antineoplastic
Prevents growth, development, or spread of cancer
43
Extravasation
Leakage of IV medication into the tissue surrounding the IV site
44
Cancers that originate from blood-forming organs are known as ______.
Leukemia
45
A characteristic of a malignant tumor is that it has ______ than normal blood supply.
Greater
46
A _____ is the removal of a sample of tissue that is examined microscopically to determine if there are malignant or premalignant processes
Biopsy
47
Cell-cycle specific drugs
(Antineoplastic drugs) are very effective when cell division is occurring
48
X-ray studies
May use contrast medium to detect tumors
49
Radioimmunoconjugate
Particularly used for colorectal, breast, ovarian, head, and neck tumors
50
Ultrasound
Uses high- frequency sound waves
51
Cytology
Microscopic exam of cells used to diagnose tumors
52
Magnetic resonance imagery
Uses magnetic fields for sectional images
53
Antineoplastic agents may be prepared and administered by:
Those RNs qualified with special education
54
Which of the following precautions should the LPN take when caring for a client receiving chemotherapy?
Use double globing when emptying urinals and emesis basins
55
Palliative nutritional support
Encourages eating as a source of pleasure
56
Which of the following strategies may help clients with cancer increase their oral consumption?
View foods as part of therapy
57
Which of the most recent innovations in BMT has a faster recovery rate than other types of BMT
Stem cell transplant
58
A client who has received an unsealed radiation source is being discharged home. Discharge instructions for this individual include:
Using separate eating utensils and washing laundry separately
59
Suggestions for client suffering from stomatitis include:
Try to eat bland foods at a tepid temperature
60
A client is receiving external radiation. Teaching concerning this treatment should include:
Do not wash off any skin markings
61
When developing a nursing care plan, it is important to remember that many antineoplastic drugs:
Affect cells that divide at a rapid rate
62
Drugs given to some cancer clients have the ability to depress the bone marrow, requiring close observation for:
Bleeding tendencies
63
A client who expresses fear and concern that pain associated with cancer may later become unbearable can be told that:
Medications are available to relieve pain
64
Signs and symptoms associated with graft vs host disease
Irritability, sepsis, diarrhea, skin desquamation,
65
Cancers that originate from organs that fight infection
Lymphomas
66
A malignant tumor is best described as
Invasive and able to spread
67
Metastasis occurs by which of the following processes?
Direct extension into adjacent sites, travel through lymphatic system, transport through blood vessels
68
Removal of axillary lymph nodes during mastectomy is done
To reduce metastasis aggressively
69
Chemical substances in the workplace that cause cancer are most likely to affect organs such as
Lungs
70
One dietary guideline for reducing the risk of cancer is to
Increase cruciferous vegetable intake

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