Ch18 - Adrenergic Drugs

Question 1

Adrenergics are part of what CNS system?

Answer 1

Autonomic nervous system, sympathetic

Question 2

Sympathetic system practices what kind of responses?

Answer 2

Fight/Flight

Question 3

What kind of neurotransmitters do adrenergic receptors respond to?

Answer 3

Catecholamines: norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 4

Where are the alpha 1 receptors located?

Answer 4

Located on the post synaptic nerve

Question 5

Where are the alpha 2 receptors located?

Answer 5

Located on pre synaptic cells

Tissue, muscle,organs, that the nerve stimulates

They control the release of neurotransmitters

Question 6

Where are the beta 1 receptors located?

Answer 6

Post synaptic cells

Primarily in the heart

Question 7

Where are the beta 2 receptors located?

Answer 7

Post synaptic cells

Primarily in smooth muscle, bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs

Question 8

What effects to beta 1 receptors have on the body?

Answer 8

Increase contraction
Increase heart rate
Increase conduction
Increase renin secretion

Question 9

What effects do beta 2 receptors have on the body?

Answer 9

Bronchodilation

Decrease gi motility, decrease secretions, vasodilation( decrease b/p) , increase blood sugar

Question 10

What do the dopaminergic receptors do to the body?

Answer 10

They only respond to catecholamine dopamine

Increase blood flow to brain, kidneys, viscera

Question 11

Cholinergics are part of what CNS system?

Answer 11

Autonomic nervous system, Paraympathetic

Question 12

Parasympathetic nervous system practices what kind of responses?

Answer 12

Rest/digest

Question 13

What kind of neurotransmitters respond to cholinergic receptors?

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

What effects do muscarinic receptors have on the body?

Answer 14

Increase gi and bladder motility, increase secretions, constricts pupils, bronchoconstriction, decrease heart rate, contraction, and conduction

Question 15

If a drug is blocking activation of a receptor it is called?

Answer 15

Antagonist

Question 16

If a drug is activating a receptors binding it is called?

Answer 16

Agonist

Question 17

What are sympathomimetics used for?

Answer 17

Mimicking the response of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine on receptors

Question 18

If a patient has asthma or bronchitis what kind of drug would you be giving them?

Answer 18

Beta 2 drugs for bronchodilation

Question 19

If a patient has nasal congestion what kind of drug would you give them?

Answer 19

Alpha 1 vasoconstriction of the nasal arterioles

Question 20

If a patient has conjunctival congestion or glaucoma what kind of drug would you give them?

Answer 20

Alpha 1/ and or beta 2 vasoconstriction of eye arterioles, pupil dilation

Question 21

What are some side effects of adrenergic agonists on the CNS?

Answer 21

Chest pain, heart palpitations, vasoconstriction, hypertension, dilation of pupils, decrease in reproductive, urinary contraction

Question 22

What are the actions of alpha blockers? (Antagonist)

Answer 22

Interrupt stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (inhibit)

Question 23

When alpha blockers interrupt stimulation what kind of effects on the body does that cause?

Answer 23

Arterial and venous dilation

Reduce b/p, lower heart rate

Question 24

A patient has necrotic skin by the iv insertion, what do you give the patient to hopefully save the affected area?

Answer 24

Alpha 1 blocker, it will dilate blood vessels allowing more flow of blood to affected area

Question 25

What kind of side effects could an alpha 1 blocker have?

Answer 25

Hypotension, increase fall risks

Question 26

What effect do beta 1 blockers have on the body?

Answer 26

Slows heart rate, slows conduction, contractility

Question 27

Define nonselective beta blockers.

Answer 27

Block both beta 1 and beta 2 drugs

Question 28

What effects do beta 2 blockers have on the body?

Answer 28

Bronchoconstriction : narrows airways, shortness of breath

Question 29

What kind of conditions would you give a beta blocker?

Answer 29

Angina- decreasing demand of heart to pump for oxygen | Myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, dysthymia

Question 30

What kind of side effects could beta blockers cause?

Answer 30

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia

Question 31

What are the actions of a parasympathomimetic?

Answer 31

Mimic neurotransmitters acetylcholine (cholinergic agonist drug)

Question 32

What effects can you expect from a cholinergic agonist drug?

Answer 32

Increase gi motility, construction of pupil, decrease heart rate, construction of bronchioles, increase muscle contraction

Question 33

Direct acting cholinergic drugs do what?

Answer 33

Bind directly to cholinergic receptors | Usually treats glaucoma, drymouth, urinary retention

Question 34

Indirect acting cholinergics do what?

Answer 34

Stimulate release of acetylcholine to bind to receptors and activate reaction Usually treats myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's

Question 35

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 35

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

Question 36

In the Alzheimer's disease what is happening with the neurotransmitters ?

Answer 36

Levels of acetylcholine have decreased

Question 37

What are the major side effects of cholinergic drugs? (SLUDGE)

Answer 37

``` Salivation Lacrimation Utinary Diarrhea GI cramps Emesis ```

Question 38

Someone taking cholinergics should be cautious when?

Answer 38

Changing positions or moving..fall risk

Question 39

What are the actions of an anti cholinergic drug? (Antagonist)

Answer 39

Opposite of SLUDGE ``` decrease salivation Decrease lacrimation Urinary retension Decrease diarrhea Decrease gi motility Decrease Emesis ```

Question 40

What should you look for in a patient when giving them an anti cholinergic drug?

Answer 40

Hydration

Question 41

Someone with Parkinson's disease can expect what from receiving a anti cholinergic drug?

Answer 41

Decrease in muscle rigidity and tremors