Ch.2

Question 1

Sagittal plane

Answer 1

•divides body into left and right portions

Question 2

Coronal plane

Answer 2

•separates the body anterior and posterior portions

Question 3

Axial (transverse) plane

Answer 3

•divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 4

Hounsfield Unit

Answer 4

•the attenuating properties or density of each tissue

Question 5

HU value of water

Answer 5

• 0

Question 6

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 6

• pressure within arteries during cardiac contraction

* should be less than 120mm Hg

Question 7

Diastolic pressure

Answer 7

• relaxation of the heart

* should be less than 80 mm Hg

Question 8

Optimal Bpm for imaging

Answer 8

•65 bpm

Question 9

BUN

Answer 9

•7-25Mg/dL

Question 10

Creatinine

Answer 10

•0.5-1.5mg/dL

Question 11

GFR

Answer 11

• most accurate measure of renal function

* measures the rate by which creatinine is filtered from the blood stream

Question 12

D-dimer

Answer 12

•utilized for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Question 13

Coumadin

Answer 13

• generic drug Warfarin
• anticoagulant
• prevents blood clots in veins and arteries
• reduces heart attacks and strokes

Question 14

Metformin

Answer 14

• aka glucaphage
• treats type 2 diabetes
• pt should withhold medication for 48 hours following the exam
• because of the risk of renal impairment, reduced renal function, and harmful retention of metformin

Question 15

22 Gauge angio catheters

Answer 15

•sufficient for flow rates up to 3mL/sec.

Question 16

20 Gauge or larger angio catheters

Answer 16

•should be utilized whenever flow rates exceed 3mL/sec.

Question 17

Removing air from the power injector

Answer 17

• prevents air embolism
• proper “bleeding” eliminates air
• injector should remain in a downward position

Question 18

Advantages of flushing saline after administration of contrast

Answer 18

• reduction of contrast dose

* helps eliminate streaking artifact

Question 19

Disadvantages of power injectors

Answer 19

•increase risk of extravasation

Question 20

Event of extravasation

Answer 20

•the needle/catheter should be removed and pressure applied with a warm moist compress.

Question 21

Contrast media and CT why

Answer 21

•an effort to increase contrast between multitude of anatomical structures and pathological conditions whose densities are too similar to be separated

Question 22

Positive contrast media

Answer 22

• RCM Radiopaque contrast media

* iodine/barium

Question 23

Contrast enhancements of vasculature greatly aids in

Answer 23

• visualization of blood vessels

* aids in diagnosing aneurysms, thrombus, and stenosis

Question 24

What contrast agent are less likely to produce adverse side effects/reactions

Answer 24

•non-ionic(low salt) and low-osmolar contrast

Question 25

Routine transit for barium sulfate through the GI tract

Answer 25

•30-90min

Question 26

Consideration in the choice of barium sulfate

Answer 26

* barium may not be used in cases of suspected perforation may be toxic to the peritoneum * barium should not be used for pt who will undergo surgery * barium is harmful if aspirated

Question 27

Consideration in the choice of water-soluble

Answer 27

* less GI distress | * contraindicated if pt is allergic to iodine

Question 28

Intrathecal administration

Answer 28

* injection directly into the space surrounding the spinal cord * evaluate nerve roots and spinal cord

Question 29

Iodine injection and breast milk

Answer 29

•typically instructed to discard Brewster milk for 24 hours after contrast agent

Question 30

Mild reactions to iodine

Answer 30

* nausea/vomiting * mild urticaria (hives) * sweats/chills * anxiety * requires no treatment just reassurance

Question 31

Moderate reactions to iodine include

Answer 31

* mild bronchospasm * moderate/severe urticaria * vasovagal response * tachycardia from hypotension

Question 32

Treatment for bronchospasm

Answer 32

•inhaler/oxygen therapy

Question 33

Treatment for urticaria

Answer 33

•diphenhydramine (benadryl)

Question 34

Treatment for hypotension vasovagal

Answer 34

•elevation of legs and I've fluids for hypotension

Question 35

Iodine is generally indicated for

Answer 35

* vascular abnormalities * inflammation * suspected neoplasm