Ch.2 Mammo

Question 1

What is the frequency of ACR Acceditation?

Answer 1

Every 3years

Question 2

The material used for the exit port of the mammography tube is necessary because

Answer 2

Regular glass would harden the emerging beam

Question 3

The intensity of the X-Ray beam from the cathode side of the tube is generally higher because

Q.3 pg.48

Answer 3

The heel effect causes variations in the intensity of the X-ray beam

Question 4

The design of the lip of the compression paddle (both height and angle along the chest wall) affects all the following except

Q. 4 pg.48

Answer 4

It ensures higher compression of the anterior breast tissue

Question 5

The primary goal of compression is to

Q.5 pg 48

Answer 5

Allow uniform penetration of structures within the breast

Question 6

What features of the high-transmission cellular (HTC) grid allow these grids to maintain equal or less radiation dose to the patient compared with linear grids ?

Q6 pg. 48

Answer 6

They have copper as the strips and air as the interspace material

Question 7

The grid ratio can vary in modern mammography units. A common grid ratio used is

Answer 7

5:1

SN: can be as low as 3:1

Question 8

The chest wall edge of the compression paddle should be aligned just beyond the chest wall edge of the detector to

Question 8 on Pg 48

Answer 8

Avoid projecting the chest wall edge of the paddle on the mammogram

Question 9

Which of the following affects focal spot size ?

Answer 9

Angle of the anode

SN: the focal spot is the area where electrons strike on the target

SN: effective focal spot is the area projected onto the patient or detector

SN: spatial resolution is related to focal spot size, BUT CHANGES IN SID, OID, and Size of Collimation Field do NOT affect the focal spot size !

Question 10

Which of the following is the commonly used focal spot size for routine work in mammography?

Answer 10

0.3mm

Question 11

Which of the following mammography quality control test is performed as needed?

Answer 11

Repeat analysis

Question 12

The general criteria to pass the new American College of Radiology-Digital Mammography (ACR DM) phantom require a minimum of

Answer 12

2.0 masses

See question 12 on PG 49
See answer question on PG 56-57

Question 13

What is the compression thickness indicator test?

Q.13 pg 49

Answer 13

A check to ensure that the indicated compression thickness is within normal compression

Question 14

What is the name given to the test to determine whether the unit has consistent detector signal-to-noise level for all breast thickness?

Answer 14

Visual checklist

Question 15

A technologist test that is performed semiannually is

Q. 15 on pg 49

Answer 15

Compression force test

Question 16

Repeats are

Answer 16

Images that involve unnecessary exposure to the patient

Question 17

To get a meaningful analysis, the repeat analysis needs a patient volume of at least ?

Answer 17

250 patients

Question 18

Mammography facilities can receive certification from
1. ACR
2 FDA
3. States as Certifiers (SACs)

Answer 18

2 or 3 only

Question 19

Aluminum filtration is likely to be matched with _____ targets

Answer 19

Tungsten

Question 20

Which of the following visual checklist tests must be performed before clinical use ?

Answer 20

Paddles/ face shield must not be cracked

Question 21

What tool is used to evaluate for artifacts ?

Answer 21

Phantom

Question 22

A single binary digit of data, such as “0” or “1” is called a

Answer 22

Bit

Question 23

In general, higher magnification will require the use of a
Q.23 pg50

Answer 23

Smaller focal spot size

Question 24

A grid is not necessary during magnification because
Q.24 pg50

Answer 24

The large OID produces the same effect as a grid

Question 25

The air gap in magnification allows increase subject contrast by Q.25 pg.50

Answer 25

Reducing scatter

Question 26

If the magnification mammography is performed without using a small focal spot size, the resulting image will be magnified

Answer 26

And blurred

Question 27

At higher magnification factors there is 1. Higher skin dose 2. Increased scatted 3. Decreased source-to-object distance

Answer 27

1&3 only

Question 28

Magnification is beneficial in all of the following situations except Q.28 pg50

Answer 28

Imaging the entire breast in a single exposure

Question 29

Using a small focal spot size is recommended for magnification Question 29 on pg 50

Answer 29

To compensate for the loss of image detail

Question 30

Which of the following is a big disadvantage of magnification?

Answer 30

Increased patient dose

Question 31

If the backup time stops a breast exposure, the technologist can repeat the radiograph by using a

Answer 31

Higher peak kilo voltage setting

Question 32

The type of X-rays created from displacement of K-shell-binding, electrons in the molybdenum atom are called

Answer 32

Characteristic radiation

Question 33

The function of the filter in mammography is to remove Q.33 pg.51

Answer 33

Photon energies higher and lower than the range needed for breast imaging

Question 34

A recommended labeling for the mammographic image that is not required by the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA)

Answer 34

Technical factors

Question 35

Lack of breast compression is most likely to cause Q.35 pg51

Answer 35

Motion unsharpness

Question 36

How long should a facility maintain records of serious complaints?

Answer 36

3years

Question 37

Which of the following focal spot sizes is used in routine imaging ? Q.10 pg49

Answer 37

.3

Question 38

Which of the following systems does not use a grid ?

Answer 38

Any magnification mammography system

Question 39

Aluminum (Al) can be used as the filtration in Q.39 pg.51

Answer 39

Digital breast tomosynthesis tubes with tungsten targets

Question 40

The detector element (DEL) is located in the

Answer 40

Thin-film transistor (TFT)

Question 41

Which of the following statements about detector elements is incorrect See PG 52 for the question 41

Answer 41

The size of the detector element can be controlled by the technologist See PG 69 for detail See PG 41 for the question

Question 42

To allow full coverage of the detector, a tube with a 16-degree anode angle requires a tube tilt of approximately ___ degrees to achieve an effective anode angle of 22 degrees

Answer 42

6 SN: see pg 69 for detail

Question 43

Which of the following monitors is used to interpret the mammograms? Q. 43 pg52

Answer 43

Review monitor See page 70

Question 44

Which of the following is a system that can be used to store 12months or more of image data and can retrieve the data within a few minutes

Answer 44

Redundant array of independent (inexpensive) disk (RAID) See page 70

Question 45

A computer network system that allows images to be viewed at various monitors or transmitted or stored is termed

Answer 45

PACS Picture archiving and communication system

Question 46

The remote transmission of images is

Answer 46

Teleradiology

Question 47

What is the purpose of CAD See Question 47 on pg 52

Answer 47

A method of prereading mammograms See answer to question on 72

Question 48

Which of the following is included in a workflow plan for a technologist Q.48 pg. 52

Answer 48

Retrieving the results of prior examinations for the patient

Question 49

What system is identified as a storage for radiology imaging information

Answer 49

RIS

Question 50

When transmitting mammography images, the compression required is termed Q.50 pg.52

Answer 50

Lossless compressing

Question 51

The device used to convert electronic signal to computer language is called

Answer 51

ADC SN: see pg 73 Question 51

Question 52

Changing the image contrast would mean adjusting the Se question 52 on pg 53

Answer 52

Window width SN: See pg 73

Question 53

In direct digital technology, the x-ray strike ___ in the detector

Answer 53

amorphous selenium

Question 54

What test tool is used to calibrate the brightness of the monitor ?

Answer 54

SMPTE SN: SE PG 74

Question 55

Which of the following is a true statement according to the EQUIP mandated by FDA See question 55 on pg 53

Answer 55

Written documentation is required for the clinical image review of each radiologic technologist (RT) and interpreting physician (IP), and it must be done at least annually See answer explanation on pg 74-75

Question 56

What is the maximum possible score for each test in the ACR phantom

Answer 56

6 See pg 75

Question 57

Synthesized 2D imaging is a See question 57 on pg 53

Answer 57

Two-dimensional (2D) reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) image See answer to question on PG 75

Question 58

Computer-aided detection (CAD) is used to See question 58 on PG 53

Answer 58

Analyze or preread the image See answer pg 76

Question 59

What BI-RAD category recommends short-interval (6month) follow up? Question 59 on pg 53

Answer 59

Category 3 See pg 76

Question 60

The patient has a BI-RAD category 5 report This finding indicates

Answer 60

High possibility of malignancy See PG 76