ch2 the French in North America

Question 1

A colony

Answer 1

a territory of land that is controlled by another country

Question 2

Empires

Answer 2

are networks of colonies controlled by a single

country, sometimes called the home country.

Question 3

what is Imperialism
give example

explain colony independence, who was in control and what decisions were made?

Answer 3

system of countries extending their control over other nations
French were not the only imperialists who made colonies in a new place
French built a colony in North America.
Colonies had no independence, meaning that the people living in a colony did not have control of their political or economic affairs. Decisions about their future were usually made by the home country.

Question 4

By what century were the
Europeans were eager to find another route
to Asia, preferably a water route?
What explorer was sent in 1942?

Answer 4

1400’s

Christopher Columbus

Question 5

Why did the imperial countries of Europe

want to expand their empires?

Answer 5

Economics. Europeans set up colonies so
they could claim the resources of the land
for themselves they valued fur. A new silk road preferably water route

Competition. The countries of Europe
were often at war with one another as
they competed for land, resources, power and prestige.

Religion. France and British competed to create missionaries to share their view of religion

Curiosity.

Question 6

France entered the race to find an ocean
passage to Asia in what century?
What explorer did they send, to find a passage through _____ to _____?

Answer 6

1500’s
Jacques Cartier to find a
passage through North America to Asia.

Question 7

Jacque Cartier encountered the ______ people. Off the coast of Newfoundland, in the Gulf of ______?
explain what happened when in this encounter

Answer 7

Mi’kmaq ppl
Gulf of St. Lawrence
They traded items to the extent that the men went back naked

Question 8

Mi’kmaq created petroglyphs, define. What image was found

Answer 8

They also made drawings on rocks, called
petroglyphs, to record events and information.
picture of a large ship

Question 9

1534, Cartier landed at a place he called ______. There, he met a First Nations
people called the _____ and their
leader, a man named _______. They guided the French up the _____ River, deeper into the
continent. They went as far as _____,
where his people lived.

Answer 9

Gaspé
Haudenosaunee
Donnacona
St. Lawrence
 Stadacona

Question 10

Many of the crew became ill and died from scurvy. What is this and how did the Haudenossunee help?

Answer 10

a disease brought on by a lack of
vitamin C. But the Haudenosaunee had a cure for scurvy. They taught the French
how to make the tea cure by boiling pieces
of white cedar.

Question 11

When Cartier arrived at ___ he and his men raised a large wooden _____.
He wrote across the top, Vive le Roi de France!— which meant?
How did the Haudenossunee ppl feel about this?

Answer 11

Gaspé,
cross
Long Live the King of France!

In those days, it was typical for
European explorers to claim lands they visited
on their travels. Haudenossunee felt this land didn’t belong to the French.

Question 12

How many Haudenossaunee did Cartier take and why, how did this change the relationship?

Answer 12

9 but only 1 came back, so that they could tell

the king about the riches in North America. Cartier lied about the deaths, Haudenossaunee no longer trusted the French.

Question 13

how was Cartier successful and unsuccessful

Answer 13

Although he was not able to establish
a permanent colony in North America,
Cartier did succeed in gathering a great deal
of important information about the land
across the ocean.

Question 14

monopoly
Why did The French king, Louis XIII, decide to create monopolies?
an example of monopoly?

Answer 14

only the merchants within the group would be allowed to trade for furs in the colony.
He wanted to be the most powerful ruler in Europe and resources gave a military advantage.
Colonies were expensive so he let other ppl pay for it through Monopolies.
In return, the merchants agreed to build settlements in North America and find French citizens to live in them

A company that has the complete control of a resource. For example, the Hudson’s Bay Company
.

Question 15

Acadians.

Answer 15

A francophone citizen of Acadia

The colonists spread out along the shores of
the Bay of Fundy. They survived through
farming, fishing, and hunting. These French
pioneers formed a unique community and
culture. They were the first Acadians. At first, the Mi’kmaq who lived there did not object to the newcomers.

Question 16

the first Métis

Answer 16

many coureurs de bois married First Nations
women, and these couples became parents
to the first Métis

Question 17

de Monts and Champlain calledtheir settlement _____

Answer 17

Québec. “the place where the river narrows.”

Question 18

Samuel de Champlain He lived in Québec for ____ years. He persuade the king to ____ colonists.
He made friendships with ____ and ___ people.

Answer 18

27
send more French
Wendat (also known as Huron) and Haudenossaunee

Question 19

Champlain wanted to trade with the _____ so he agreed to fight with them against their rivals the ____. He fuelled a conflict that would last for another ___ years.

Answer 19

Wendat
Haudenossaunee
100

Question 20

coureurs de bois means?
They expaned the area of ___ ____?
lured into the __ trade by the promise of adventure,
___, and ___. Their main interest was
___ ____, but they also acted as ___
and _____ for the French traders.
They were responsible for much of the _____ of the continent

Answer 20

“runners of the woods”
New France
fur trade
freedom and money
fur trapping
guides and Interpreters
explortation

Question 21

which explorer was one of the first coureurs de bois.

Answer 21

Étienne Brûlé

Question 22

Two of the most adventurous coureurs de
bois were ____ and his brother-in-
law, the ______.

Answer 22

Pierre Radisson and Sieur des Groseilliers

Question 23

Radisson lived among the
____ before deciding to return to Québec. they gave Frenchnames to some of the settlements, lakes,
rivers, mountains, and other landforms they
encountered. In this way, they claimed these
lands for _____.

Answer 23

Mohawk

France

Question 24

Hudson’s Bay Company was founded as a result of the

accomplishments of these two explorers? they also went south to find the ______ river

Answer 24

Radisson and Groseillier

Mississippi

Question 25

How did the French view of owning land differ from the First Nations people?

Answer 25

the French claimed “ownership” of the territories they explored. They did not discuss land ownership with
the First Nations or Inuit. They did not understand that the First Nations had a different idea about land. Although a First Nation granted certain bands or families the right to hunt and fish in a territory, no one
owned land privately. First Nations believed
land was to be shared by everyone.

Question 26

In 1663, King Louis XIV took control of
the colony from the \_\_\_\_\_. He set up a
Sovereign Council to govern the colony.
This council was made up of appointed
councillors and three key officials, list these

Answer 26

merchants

Governor, Intendant, Bishop, appointed councilliors

Question 27

Governor.

Answer 27

The most powerful member of the Sovereign Council

the King’s personal representative,

usually anarmy officer and a noble.

in charge of the defence of the colony and of its
relations with allies and enemies.

Question 28

Intendant.

Answer 28

The second-most important official

 in charge of the day-to-day affairs of
the colony. For example, he supervised
the courts, saw that roads were built and
that settlers were looked after, and
managed the economy.

Question 29

Bishop.

Answer 29

The head of the church in the colony . main goal is to convert first nations people to their religion

leading role in politics as well.

train priests;

Question 30

The government of New France was ____, and the colonists had to follow the rules and laws established by the _____. Overall, the people enjoyed ____ in New France than they had back in France.

Answer 30

all-powerful
Sovereign Council
greater freedom

Question 31

citizens

Answer 31

The colonists were expected to be responsible, contributing members

Question 32

habitants [a-bee-TAH(N)],

What did they think of first nations and what did they learn from them?

Answer 32

the farmers of New France

admired many things in the First Nations’ cultures. They adopted some of their skills andtechnologies. For example, they learned to line their winter coats and mittenswith fur and to make boots out of moose hides to keep warm during the long,cold winters.

Question 33

For decades, the people of New France lived under the threat of attack by the ______

Answer 33

British or the Haudenosaunee.

Question 34

The habitants needed help. How did the Intendant help them? what happened with the Haudenosaunee?

Answer 34

Intendant Jean Talon wrote to the king asking
for military protection. The king sent 1500 soldiers to New France. The soldiers burned down Haudenosaunee homes and villages. The Haudenosaunee seemed to be overpowered and agreed to sign a peace treaty with the French.

Question 35

Religion had an important place in the lives
of the Europeans. In France, most people
were _____. Priests, nuns, and missionaries who
went to New France helped build the
colony. They helped with? The colonists helped pay for this with money called a _____?

Answer 35

Catholic.
held religious services, taught
school, ran hospitals, and cared for the
poor.
Tithe

Question 36

Jesuits,

Answer 36

Catholic missionaries or priests that came to New France.

Question 37

Populating the Colony what is The king’s solution? King’s daughters. What did the king give them?

what years was this?

Answer 37

he sent about 900 single young
women and girls to New France to become
wives. Some of the women were orphans.
Others were poor. If they married, the king
gave each couple an ox, a cow, two pigs,
two chickens, some salt beef, and a purse of
money. The women were known as the
filles du roi—the “king’s daughters.”

1665 to 1673

Question 38

Canadiens.

Answer 38

first french colonists, ancestors of French Canadians

“king’s daughters.” ancestors of most Canadians of French descent—the original

Question 39

true or False

Girls in New France received a better
education than they did in France.

Since there were more schools for girls than for
boys in the colony, girls often
received a better education.

Answer 39

T

T

Question 40

The economy of New France was ___ trade and ____

Answer 40

fur trade and farmers

Question 41

seigneurial system.

Answer 41

System of LAND OWNERSHIP the king gave large tracts of land along the St. Lawrence River to the nobles, called seigneurs. In return, each seigneur had to find colonists to settle the land. If a seigneur did not find tenants to farm his
land, he would not make any money.

Question 42

Seigneurs responsibility

habitants responsibility

Answer 42

habitants give the seigneur a portion of each year’s
crop and pay other fees.
The seigneur had to build a mill and a church on his land.

Question 43

how was it better for the citizens of new france?

Answer 43

They had more food and better houses than people in the home country did.
pioneers in the fur trade,
became a self-reliant people
laid the foundations of Canada.

Question 44

Farming is still important in Québec today.
About 7 per cent of the province’s total
land area is farmland. Most of this land
is located where?

Answer 44

along the St. Lawrence River

where the first French colonists settled.

Question 45

The seigneurial system wasofficially abolished in ?

What were tenants able to start doing?

Answer 45

1854, and tenants
were able to start purchasing the farmland
rather than rent it.

Question 46

colonization
France interested in ______
Britian interested in ______ and _____

Answer 46

france - North America created New France

britian - created Rupert’s land and hudson’s bay company

Question 47

European goods also had advantages for the Mi’kmaq. The Europeans
traded ____, which the Mi’kmaq found very useful, for old beaver furs the Mi’kmaq could easily replace. The Europeans preferred _____— furs the Mi’kmaq had worn.

Answer 47

metal goods
old furs - The long outer hair had fallen off
these furs, leaving the fuzzy underfur exposed

Question 48

Describe, in modern terms, the region where First Nations and Europeans first made contact.

Answer 48

Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, PEI, eastern Quebec

Question 49

define merchant

Answer 49

in the fur trade, a financier and organizer

Question 50

what is the silk road

Answer 50

ancient trade route. Europe traded with Asia. An overland route, dangerous due to ambush and attack. by the 1400 they were looking for a better route, preferably by water.