Ch20

Question 1

what are the three elements of the DevOps model

Answer 1

DEVelopment
Operations
QA

Question 2

used to enforce referential integrity constraints between tables that participate in a relationship

Answer 2

Foreign keys

Question 3

allows the insertion of multiple records that appear to have the same primary key values into a database at different classification levels

Answer 3

Polyinstantiation

Question 4

what level of the the SW‐CMM does the organization uses quantitative measures to gain a detailed understanding of the development process

Answer 4

level 4 - Managed phase

Question 5

mixing of data from a higher classification level and/or need‐to‐know requirement with data from a lower classification level and/or need‐to‐know requirement.

Answer 5

Contamination

Question 6

flat two-dimensional tables made up of rows and columns.

Answer 6

relational database

Question 7

what is the main building block of the relational database

Answer 7

table

Question 8

what is another name for a table

Answer 8

relation

Question 9

combine relational databases with the power of objectoriented programming

Answer 9

Object-relational databases

Question 10

benefit from ease of code reuse, ease of troubleshooting analysis, and reduced overall maintenance. also better suited than other types of databases for supporting complex applications involving multimedia, CAD, video, graphics, and expert systems.

Answer 10

object-oriented databases (OODBs)

Question 11

another name for a column or field is

Answer 11

attribute

Question 12

is it common for the degree of a table to change

Answer 12

no - but it is for the Cardinality

Question 13

Who usually is required to change the degree of a table

Answer 13

Administrator

Question 14

a subset of attributes that can be used to uniquely identify any record in a table

Answer 14

candidate key

Question 15

selected from the set of candidate keys for a table to be used to uniquely identify the records in a table

Answer 15

primary key

Question 16

process of bringing a database table into compliance with normal forms is known as

Answer 16

normalization

Question 17

normal forms are cumulative; in other words, to be in 2NF, a table must first be 1NF compliant. Before making a table 3NF compliant, it must first be in 2NF.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

SQL itself is divided into two distinct components what are they

Answer 18

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 19

SQL component that allows for the creation and modification of the database’s structure known as schema

Answer 19

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Question 20

SQL component that allows users to interact with the data contained within that schema.

Answer 20

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 21

Relational databases support the explicit and implicit use of transactions to ensure data integrity. Each transaction is a discrete set of SQL instructions that will either succeed or fail as a group. It’s not possible for one part of a transaction to succeed while another part
fails.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Database transactions must be an “all-or nothing” affair.

Answer 22

Atomicity

Question 23

what is it called when database transactions are committed to the database and then preserved

Answer 23

Durability

Question 24

a preventive security mechanism that endeavors to make certain that the information stored in the database is always correct or at least has its integrity and availability protected.

Answer 24

concurrency or edit control

Question 25

ensures that user actions don’t violate any structural rules. It also checks that all stored data types are within valid domain ranges, ensures that only logical values exist, and confirms that the system complies with any and all uniqueness constraints.

Answer 25

Semantic integrity

Question 26

concept of hiding individual database fields or cells or imposing more security restrictions on them.

Answer 26

cell suppression

Question 27

Administrators might employ _____ _______ to subvert aggregation and inference vulnerabilities

Answer 27

database partitioning

Question 28

when two or more rows in the same relational database table appear to have identical primary key elements but contain different data for use at differing classification levels. used as defense against inference attacks

Answer 28

polyinstantiation

Question 29

what is it called when administrators can insert false or misleading data into a DBMS in order to redirect or thwart information confdentiality attacks

Answer 29

noise and perturbation

Question 30

database feature that allows applications to communicate with different types of databases without having to be directly programmed for interaction with each type

Answer 30

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

Question 31

Expert systems consist of two main components

Answer 31

- knowledge base - contains a series of “if/then” rules | - inference engine - that uses that information to draw conclusions about other data

Question 32

sequential development process that results in the development of a finished product; Developers may step back only one phase in the process if errors are discovered

Answer 32

waterfall model

Question 33

uses several iterations of the waterfall model to produce a number of fully specified and tested prototypes.

Answer 33

spiral model

Question 34

place an emphasis on the needs of the customer and quickly developing new functionality that meets those needs in an iterative fashion.

Answer 34

Agile model

Question 35

the quality of software depends on the quality of its development process.

Answer 35

SW-CMM Software Capability Maturity Model

Question 36

what are the stages of SW-CMM

Answer 36

Initial - little or no software development process Repeatable - basic life cycle management, Reuse code and repeatable results Defined - formal, documented software development processes. All development projects take place within the constraints of the new standardized management model. Managed - management of the software process proceeds to the next level. Quantitative measures are utilized to gain a detailed understanding of the development process. Optimizing - process of continuous improvement occurs. Sophisticated software development processes are in place

Question 37

what are the stages of the IDEAL model

Answer 37

Initiating - business reasons outlined, support for the initiative, and the appropriate infrastructure Diagnosing - engineers analyze the current state of the organization and make general recommendations for change Establishing - takes the general recommendations from the diagnosing phase and develops a specific plan of action Acting - walk the walk.” The organization develops solutions and then tests, refines, and implements them. Learning - continuously analyze its efforts to determine whether it has achieved the desired goals and, when necessary, propose new actions

Question 38

what are the 3 basic components of change control

Answer 38

request control - organized framework within which users can request modifcations, managers can conduct cost/beneft analysis, and developers can prioritize tasks. change control - developers can create and test a solution; quality control; develop tools; documentation release control - changes are finalized & approved for release; double-check debugging code and/or back doors are removed; acceptance testing