ch21

Question 1

common cold caused by_. vaccine_

Answer 1

rhinovirus, none

Question 2

Diphtheria pathogen_. Vax_

Answer 2

Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Dtap, Tdap, DT, Td, DTP

Question 3

Otitis media (epiglottitis) pathogen_ vax_

Answer 3

haemophilus influenzae. Hib

Question 4

Influenza pathogen/vax

Answer 4

influenza viruses/inactivated, Flumist

Question 5

Pertussis pathogen/vax

Answer 5

Bordetella pertussis/Dtap, Tdap

Question 6

Pneumonia pathogen/vax

Answer 6

Streptococcus pneumoniae/pneumococcal conjugate vax (PCV13), pneumococcal polysaccharide vax (PPSV23)

Question 7

Tuberculosis pathogen/vax

Answer 7

mycobacterium tuberculosis/BCG not given in US

Question 8

Tubercles

Answer 8

TB. lesions in alveoli become walled off forming small round tubercles

Question 9

TB progression

Answer 9

1 enter alveoli may be killed by pnms and macrophages
2 tubercles
3 more bacteria released into center of tubercles
4 tubercles might rupture
5a milliary TB: bacteria spread from pulmonary capillaries to bloodstream and other organs=death
5b Ghon complexes created when leasions heal and calcify waiting to reoccur

Question 10

What happens in tubercles during TB

Answer 10

bacteria is released into the middle. chronic inflammation leads to tissue damage/liquefication (apoptosis of tissue cells). Creates caseous aerobic air pocket for bacteria to grow and multiply

Question 11

milliary TB

Answer 11

when TB bacteria erupt out of tubercles and spread down pulmonary capillaries into the bloodstream and other organs

Question 12

TB transmission

Answer 12

respiratory droplets from coughing

Question 13

Ghon complex

Answer 13

when lesions in TB heal and calcify they make Ghon complex, bacteria still remain in them. can be seen in chest radiographs

Question 14

sore throat scientific name

Answer 14

pharyngitis

Question 15

ear infection scientific name

Answer 15

otitis media

Question 16

when is TB no longer infectious

Answer 16

as soon as antibiotics (rifampin,isoniazid) are taken. need 6mo-1yr to be cured

Question 17

MDR-TB

Answer 17

Multiple drug resistant TB

Question 18

TB antibiotics

Answer 18

rifampin, isoniazid

Question 19

Whooping cough pathogen

Answer 19

Bordetella pertussis. gram- coccobacillus (short rods)

Question 20

How whooping cough

Answer 20

attach to epithelial cells, makes exotoxins (pertussis toxin, tracheal toxin)

Question 21

3 stages of whopping cough

Answer 21

1. catarrhal-Very contagious. mild, runny nose, sneezing
2. paroxysmal-mucous, uncontrollable coughing spasm, vomiting, weeks
3. convalescence-chronic cough(several months)

Question 22

Legionnaires disease pathogen

Answer 22

legionella pneumophila. gram- rod
comes from dirty water (stagnant)

Question 23

legionnaires disease found in

Answer 23

water reservoirs: AC cooling towers, humidifiers, misting systems, fountains

Question 24

Q fever pathogen

Answer 24

Coxiella burnetti, rickettsia(tiny disease) zoonotic: cows, sheep, goats-urine, feces, milk, amniotic fluid, ticks, inhalation of infected dust (farmyard aerosols)

Question 25

q fever s/s

Answer 25

high fever, headache, coughing, pneumonia <5% endocarditis (heart infection) can be fatal

Question 26

AOM stands for

Answer 26

acute otitis media: ear inflammation of the middle ear

Question 27

Why kids vs adults get AOM

Answer 27

kids more susceptible because infection goes from throat to eustachian tubes and kids have shorter more horizontal eustachian tubes=travels faster