Ch22

Question 1

Positivism

Answer 1

1850s - 1860s

Question 2

Darwinism become influential

Answer 2

1850s - 1860s

Question 3

Realism in the arts

Answer 3

1850s - 1870s

Question 4

Crimean War

Answer 4

1853 - 1856

Question 5

British-led forces suppress Indian Rebellion

Answer 5

1857

Question 6

Victor Emmanuel declared king of a unified Italy

Answer 6

1861

Question 7

Abolition of serfdom in Russia

Answer 7

1861

Question 8

US Civil War

Answer 8

1861 - 1865

Question 9

Second Reform Bill in England

Answer 9

1867

Question 10

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy

Answer 10

1867

Question 11

Meiji Restorations begins in Japan

Answer 11

1868

Question 12

Suez Canal opens

Answer 12

1869

Question 13

Women’s colleges are founded at Cambridge University

Answer 13

1869 - 1871

Question 14

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 14

1870 - 1871

Question 15

German Empire is proclaimed at Versailles

Answer 15

1871

Question 16

Self-governing Paris Commune is established

Answer 16

1871

Question 17

Which year the Crimean War took place ?

Answer 17

1853 - 1856

Question 18

Which year Victor Emmanuel declared king of a united Italy?

Answer 18

1861

Question 19

Which year and at which place the German Empire was declared ?

Answer 19

January 1871, Palace of Versailles

Question 20

Which event took place in the Austrian Empire in 1867?

Answer 20

Austro-Hungarian compromise: under this compromise, the lands of the House of Habsburg were reorganized as a real union between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary

Question 21

Realpolitik

Answer 21

Policies developed after the revolutions of 1848 and initially associated with nation building

Question 22

mir

Answer 22

Village commune where the serfs lived and worked collectively in order to meet redemption payments to the government.

Question 23

nation-state

Answer 23

An independent political unit representing a united people.

Question 24

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 24

Leading Prussian politician and German prime
minister

Waged war to create a united German Empire

Question 25

dual monarchy

Answer 25

The joining of Austria and Hungary under two different crowns

Question 26

Marxism

Answer 26

Thought about the organization of production, social inequality, and the processes of revolutionary changes as devised by Karl Marx.

Question 27

realism

Answer 27

An artistic style was dedicated to show society realistically without romantic or idealistic overtones.

Question 28

Kulturkampf

Answer 28

“culture war” used by Bismarck to describe his fight to weaken the power of the Catholic church.

Question 29

positivism

Answer 29

the belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation

Question 30

What were the main results of the Crimean War?

Answer 30

End of Russian expansion, weakening of Ottoman Empire.

Question 31

What role did warfare play in the various nineteenth-century nation-building efforts?

Answer 31

Warfare helped consolidate power and establish national identities.

Question 32

How did Europe’s expanding nation-states attempt to impose social order within and beyond Europe, and what resistance did they face?

Answer 32

Through legal reforms and colonization, faced resistance from indigenous populations.

Question 33

How did cultural expression and scientific and social thought help produce the hardheaded and realistic values of the mid-nineteenth century?

Answer 33

Promoted rationality, skepticism, and empirical observation in society.

Question 34

main methods of nation building how did they differ from those of state building in the early modern period?

Answer 34

Nation building focused on cultural unity, shared identity, and common education State building prioritized centralized political control, territorial expansion, and administrative reforms.

Question 35

How did realism in social thought break with Enlightenment values?

Answer 35

By challenging the belief in universal truths and emphasizing the influence of social structures.

Question 36

In what ways did religion emerge as an issue (both within and outside Europe) during the course of nation building?

Answer 36

- Had both internal and external implications for nation building. - Played a significant role in shaping the process of nation building in Europe. - Influenced nation building beyond the borders of Europe.

Question 37

How was the Paris Commune related to earlier revolutions in France? How did it differ from them? How was it related to nation building?

Answer 37

- Inspired by French Revolution, 1848 Revolution, and 1870 Revolution. - Short-lived, more radical, focused on workers' control. - Challenged centralized state power, advocated for local autonomy.