Ch.23: Genomics II: Functional genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics Flashcards
What is bioinformatics? What is the goal?
-the application of computational technology to manage and analyze large sets of data, such as those generated by the fields of genomics and proteomics
-to analyze biological information using a mathematical/computational approach
What are DNA microarrays?
use to measure the differential expression of mRNA in two types of cells or a single cell grown under different condition
What can RNA-Seq provide?
the sequences of RNAs and can be used instead of DNA microarrays to
compare differences in gene expression
What is a important note for proteomics?
expressed genes do not always relate to protein abundance
What s a important note for Posttranslational covalent modification?
Changes may be necessary to produce a functional
protein
What is two-dimensional gel electrophoresis? What does it involve?
- a separation technique that can distinguish hundreds or even
thousands of different proteins in a cell extract
-involves 2 different gels:
- The first gel separates the proteins by pH/charge
interactions using isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis via a polyacrylamide tube gel.
- The second gel separates the proteins by size using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using a polyacrylamide slab gel
What is an issue with developing protein miccroarrays?
is more challenging and require more work than the development of DNA microarrays:
1. Proteins are much more easily damaged by the manipulations
that occur during microarray formation.
2. Synthesis and purification of proteins is much more time-consuming compared to DNA.
What is an important note when determining the coding sequence of a gene within a DNA sequence?
Potential ORFs that contain a start codon followed by a long stretch of sense codons without a stop codon can be identified and are good indicators of a coding DNA sequence
What is B.L.A.S.T?
basic local alignment search tool
which is used to identify identical regions in either DNA or protein sequences
Describe the 2 formations of homologous genes
-When two homologous genes are found in different species these genes are termed orthologs.
-When two homologous gens are found in a single organism these genes are termed paralog
What is a conserved site?
a site that is identical or similar in multiple DNA or protein sequences
