Ch.23: Respiratory System

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and cells

Question 2

3 Processes required for respiration to occur

Answer 2

Ventilation ( Breathing )
External ( pulmonary ) respiration
Internal ( tissue ) respiration

Question 3

Structurally respiratory system is divided into 2 parts…

Answer 3

Upper Respiratory System ( Digestive System )
Lower Respiratory System ( Other )

Question 4

Functionally the respiratory system is divided into 2 parts…

Answer 4

Conducting Zone
Respiratory Zone

Question 5

The upper respiratory system consists of…

Answer 5

nose, pharynx etc

Question 6

The upper respiratory system consists of…

Answer 6

nose, pharynx etc

Question 7

The lower respiratory system consists of…

Answer 7

larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 8

The pharynx

Answer 8

Functions as a passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, houses the tonsils, and protects against foreign invaders

Question 9

The larynx

Answer 9

Voice Box, is a passageway that connects the pharynx and trachea, contains vocal cords which produce sound

Question 10

Trachea extends

Answer 10

From the larynx to the primary bronchi

Question 11

Bronchi

Answer 11

At the 5th thoracic vertebra, trachea branches to a left and right primary bronchus that enters each lung

Question 12

Terminal Bronchioles

Answer 12

End of the conducting zone

Question 13

Branching of the Bronchial Tree

Answer 13

1. Trachea
2. Main Bronchi
3. Lobar Bronchi
4. Segmental Bronchi
5. Bronchioles
6. Terminal Bronchioles

Question 14

Lungs are protected by

Answer 14

The pleural membrane

Question 15

Microscopic Airways

Answer 15

1. Respiratory Bronchioles
2. Alveolar Ducts
3. Alveolar Sacs
4. Alveoli

Question 16

The respiratory zone terminates

Answer 16

At the alveoli, the air sacs found within the lungs

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

Sac like structures

Question 18

2 kinds of alveolar sacs

Answer 18

Type 1 and Type 2

Question 19

Type 1 Alveoli

Answer 19

In plasma membrane, creating cell membrane, air/ blood barrier function of lungs

Question 20

Type 2 Alveoli

Answer 20

Synthesizes / Secrete pulmonary surfactant

Question 21

Pulmonary Surfactant

Answer 21

Phospholipids and Proteins

Question 22

The respiratory membrane is composed of

Answer 22

1. A layer of type 1 and 2 alveolar cells and associated alveolar macrophages that constitutes the alveolar wall
2. An epithelial basement membrane
3. A capillary basement
4. The capillary endothelium

Question 23

3 Basic Steps Involved in Respiration

Answer 23

At Rest ( Equal Pressure ) , Inhalation ( Alveolar Pressure Decreases ) Exhalation ( Alveolar Pressure Increases )

Question 24

Boyles Law

Answer 24

Volume Decreases, Pressure Increases

Question 25

Muscles of Inhalation

Answer 25

Diaphragm Prime Mover; Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes, External Intercostals

Question 26

Muscles of Exhalation

Answer 26

Internal Intercostals, Rectus and Vastus Abdominus

Question 27

Surface Tension

Answer 27

Inwardly directed force in the alveoli which must be overcome to expand the lungs during each inspiration

Question 28

Elastic Recoil

Answer 28

Decreases the size of the alveoli during expiration

Question 29

Compliance

Answer 29

Ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded

Question 30

Daltons Law

Answer 30

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present

Question 31

Henrys Law

Answer 31

Quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient when the temp remains constant

Question 32

During External Respiration

Answer 32

Oxygen will diffuse from the alveoli into the pulmonary veins

Question 33

During Internal Respiration

Answer 33

Oxygen will diffuse from the systemic capillaries into the tissue

Question 34

Gas Exchange

Answer 34

160,100,40,40

Question 35

Transport of CO2

Answer 35

7% in Plasma 23% as Hb-CO2 70% as HCO3

Question 36

Transport of O2

Answer 36

1.5% dissolved in plasma 99% as Hb-O2

Question 37

Factors affecting the affinity of Hb for O2

Answer 37

pH, Temp, BPG

Question 38

Cortical Influences

Answer 38

Allow conscious control of respiration that may be needed to avoid inhaling noxious gases or water

Question 39

Chemoreceptor

Answer 39

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors monitor levels of O2 and CO2 and provide input to the respiratory center

Question 40

Cardiac Control Center is

Answer 40

Medulla oblongata

Question 41

Hypercapnia

Answer 41

A slight increase in PCO2

Question 42

Hypoxia

Answer 42

Oxygen deficiency at the tissue level, caused by a low PO2 in arterial blood due to high altitude

Question 43

As cardiac output rises

Answer 43

The blood flow to the lungs termed pulmonary perfusion, increases as well

Question 44

The O2 diffusing capacity

Answer 44

May increase threefold during maximal exercise so there is a greater surface area available for O2 diffusion

Question 45

Aging results in decreased

Answer 45

Vital Capacity, Blood O2 Level etc

Question 46

Homeostatic Imbalances

Answer 46

Asthma, Lung Cancer, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Cystic Fibrosis etc