Ch24: Turn of the Century; Early Picasso, Fauvism, Expressionism, and Matisse. Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
“Degererate Art”
A
Is a translation of the German term Entartete Kunst used by Hitler for art that didn’t fit his definition of good German art, which included most modern art. By 1937 some 16,000 artworks had been removed from museums and galleries in Germany.
2
Q
A
Duchamp- Fountain, 1917, Ready-Made.
3
Q
A
*Duchamp- Replica of L.H.O.O.Q. Paris 1919, From “Boite-en-Valise”
4
Q
A
*Le Corbusier- Notre-Dame-du-Haut. Ronchamp, France, 1950-1954.
5
Q
A
*Picasso- Study with seven figure fo Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, March-April 1907.
6
Q
A
*Rietveld- Schroeder House. Utrecht, Netherlands, 1923-1924.
7
Q
A
*Wright- Falling Water. Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936.
8
Q
A
*Wright- Robie House. Chicago 1909.
9
Q
Abstract Expressionism
A
An American post–World War II art movement (1940-60). A New York school of painting.
Phase I: Action painting, Phase II: Color feild painting.
Abstract=Not Realistic
Expressionism=Expression of inner feeling
10
Q
Action painting
A
Sometimes called “gestural abstraction”, is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied.[1] The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist. Pollock was one of the first.
11
Q
American Scene Painting
A
1920-1930s. Rejecting European modernism and abstraction, American Scene painters wanted to create a largely realistic style in the depiction of subjects and scenes related to Amrican life. (Regionalists, Social Realist)
12
Q
An exhibition mocking modern art (1937)
A
Called Entartete Kunst, with 650 confiscated works by about 112 artists, opened in Munich on 19 July 1937, and then toured Germany, Austria, and Poland. More than three million people saw the exhibition.
13
Q
Analytic Cubism
A
Picasso and Braque. Analytic Cuism fragmented objects into abstract geometric forms.
1) Fragmented Background & Foreground
2) Multiple view point
3) Dull Muddy Colors
14
Q
*Art Nouveau
A
a French school of arts. An international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. Orenamental style compose of curvilinear, organic forms that was a European wide response to industrialization and the prevalance of the machine.
15
Q
Assemblage
A
A artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists of making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic compositions by putting together *found objects. *During Surrealist movement, it suggest alternate reality.
16
Q
At that time the German term for Bauhaus was?
A
“house of construction”
17
Q
At the beginning of the 20th century, __________ breakthroughs not only questioned our way of seeing the world, but the nature of reality itself.
A
Scientific
18
Q
Automatism
A
Where the artist attemps to disengage conscious control in the creative act. During Surrealist movement.
19
Q
Best known among the Fauve artists was __________.
A
Matisse
20
Q
Betrayal of Images, The
A
1928–29, sometimes translated as The Treason of Images is a painting by the Belgian René Magritte.
21
Q
Bird in Space
A
Is a series of sculptures by Constantin Brâncuși, a Romanian sculptor. The original work was created in 1923.
22
Q
Bird in Space court battle
A
In 1926-27, Bird in Space was the cause of a court battle due to the piece being taxed by U.S. Customs.
23
Q
Blaue Reiter, Der
A
Der Blaue Reiter was formed in 1911-1914 in Munich as a loose association of painters led by Vasily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. They shared an interest in abstracted forms and prismatic colors, which, they felt, had spiritual values that could counteract the corruption and materialism of their age.
24
Q
A
Boccioni- States of Mind: The Farewells, 1911.
25
Boccioni- Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913,
26
Brancusi- Bird in Space 1924. 127.25cm high
27
Brancusi- Bird in Space 1928. Unique cast 54x8.5x6.5"
28
Brancusi- Golden Bird. 1919-1920
29
Brancusi- Maiastra. 1912
30
Brancusi- Sleep. 1908
31
Brancusi- Sleeping Muse I. 1909-1910
32
Brancusi- The Newborn. 1915
33
Braque- House at L'Estaque, 1908.
34
Braque- Violin and Pitcher, 1909-1910.
35
Brucke, Die
German expressionist art movement, lasting from **1905 to 1913.** Artist (**Kirchner & Nolde**) intention to creat a bridge between their own art and modern revloutionary ideas, and between what was traditional and what was new in art.
36
Cantilever Construction
Cantilever construction is when a horizontal architectural element, projected into space, has vertical support and coutner balancing weight inside the building. **Wright** pioneered the use of reinforced concrete and steel girders for cantileverconstruction in large buildings.
37
Collage
A work of art formed by pasting fragments of printed matter, cloth, and other materials (occasionally three-dimensional) to a flat surface.
38
Color Field Painting
2nd phase of **Abstract Expressionism 1950-1960s**. Color Field is characterized primarily by large fields of flat, solid color spread across or stained into the canvas creating areas of unbroken surface and a flat picture plane. Typically calm and inwardly direction and is capable of evoking a meditative, even spiritual, response. **Rothko**.
39
*Cubi XXVII*
Stainless steel sculptures built from cubes, rectangular solids and cylinders with spheroidal or flat endcaps by **David Smith,** 1963, example of **Modernism**.
40
Cubism
* **First** branch* of **cubism**, known as **Analytic Cubism**, subject seen from differnt angles simultaneously was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between **1907** and 1911 in France. A **second phase, Synthetic Cubism**, where *flat shapes of color resemble object*,remained vital until around **1918**, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.
41
Dada
"anit-art" **1915-1923,** Dada (**movement**) was born out of negative reaction to the horrors of World War I. This international movement was begun by a group of artists and poets associated with the *Cabaret Voltaire* in *Zurich*. Dada **rejected reason** and **logic**, **prizing nonsense**, **irrationality** and **intuition**.
**Forms include Ready-Made(Appropriation)**
42
Dali, Salvador
1904–1989. known as Salvador Dalí was a prominent Spanish **surrealist** painter born in Figueres, Spain.
43
De Stijl
Dutch for **"The Style",** also known as **neoplasticism**, was a Dutch artistic (**Mondian**) **_movement_** founded in **1917-1931**. Sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. They advocated **pure abstraction** and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour, fostered "equilibrium of opposites".
44
Drip technique
Is a form of **abstract art** in which paint is dripped or poured onto the canvas. This *style of **action painting.***
45
Duchamp: "Boite-en-Valise"
Duchamp's Boîte-en-valise, or box in a suitcase, is a portable miniature monograph including sixty-nine reproductions of the artist's own work. Between 1935 and 1940.
46
Expressionism Def
When an artist expresses an inner feeling.
47
Fauvism
First Paris at the Salon d'Automne. Fauvism is the **style** of **les Fauves** (French for "**the wild beasts"**), a short-lived and loose group(**Matisse**) of early twentieth-century (**1905-198**) **Modern artists** whose works emphasized painterly qualities **vivid color, and vigorous patterns and unusual color combinations. **
48
Futurism
**Boccioni**. Futurism was an artistic and social **movement** that originated in Italy in the (**1909-1929**) early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with **contemporary concepts of the future,** including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city.
49
*Guernica*
**Synthetic-Cubism.** Is a painting by Pablo **Picasso**. It was created in response to the atrocity bombing of **Guernica**, a Basque Country village in northern Spain by German and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April **1937**, during the **Spanish Civil War**.
50
Harlem Renaissance
Was a cultural **movement** by African-Americans in the Harlem area **1924-1930s.** At the time, it was known as the **"New Negro Movement"**
Lawrence(Simplified forams and flat colors) , Van Der Zee (Photographs), Douglas (Synthetic Cubism).
51
In Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, multiple viewpoints and the flattening of space were to be characteristic of __________ painting.
Cubist
52
In the early 1920s, __________ became one of the first Western artists to paint in a pure, abstract manner.
Mondrian
53
In the early years of this century, one city was viewed as the center of modernism; and one artist in this city is still for us the modern artist. Who is the artist and what is the city?
Pablo Picasso/Paris.
54
International Style
The International style is a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s after WWI.
55
Kahlo, Frida
1907-1954 was a Mexican painter, born in **Coyoacán**, who is best known for her **self-portraits. Surrealist.**
56
Kahlo- The Broken Column. 1944.
57
Kahlo- Thinking about Death. 1943.
58
Kandinsky, Vassily
**Expressionism**. Wassily? 1866 – 13 December 1944) was an **influential Russian painter** and **art theorist.** He is credited with painting the **first purely abstract works.** Member of the **Bauhaus** 1922-1933. Left the New artist Association to form the **Blue Rider** 1911-1914.
59
Kandinsky- Blue Rider, 1903,
60
Kandinsky- Improvisation no. 30 (Warlike Theme), 1913.
61
Kandinsky- Open Green
62
Kandinsky- Panel for Edwin R. Campbell no. 4 Formally painting no. 201 WINTER. 1914.
63
Kandinsky- Several Circles, No 323. 1926.
64
Kollwitz- Death and a Woman Struggling for a Child,1910, Etching.
65
Kollwitz- Pieta III, 1903, Lithograph.
66
Kollwitz- Rest in Peace of his hands, Relief for the artist's tomb, 1936, Bronze.
67
Kollwitz- Whetting the Scythe, 1905, Soft-ground eighth-state etching.
68
Kollwitz- Woman with Dead Child, 1903, Etching.
69
L.H.O.O.Q.
**Dada**. Is a work of art by **Marcel Duchamp** first conceived in **1919**. The work is one of what Duchamp referred to as **readymades**, or more specifically an assisted ready-made.
70
*\*La Goulue at the Moulin Rouge*
**Post-Impressionist.** Is a poster by French artist Henri de **Toulouse-Lautrec**. It is a color **lithograph** from **1891** advertising the famous dancers La Goulue and "No-Bones" Valentin, and the new Paris dance hall Moulin Rouge.
71
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Is a large oil painting created in **1907** by the Spanish artist **Pablo Picasso** (1881–1973). The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Carrer d'Avinyó (Avinyó Street) in Barcelona. The work is widely considered to be seminal in the early development of both **cubism** and **modern art.**
72
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon translateted:
**The Young Ladies of Avignon**, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon. **Picasso, 1907,** oil on canvas.
73
Magritte- Betrayal of Images. 1928, "This is not a pipe"
74
Marc- Animal Destinies (Fate of Animals). 1913.
75
Marc- Large Blue Horses, 1911.
76
**African Mask,** Mask from the Etoumbi region.
77
Matisse, Henri
1869-1954 (**Fauvism05-08**) was a French artist, known for his use of **colour** and his fluid. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Picasso and Marcel Duchamp, as one of the three artists who helped to **define the plastic arts** in the opening decades of the 20th century,
78
Matisse- Blue Nude I, 1952, paper cut out.
79
Matisse- Church of Dominican Nuns, at Vence, France, late 1940's.
80
Matisse- The Negress. 1952, paper cut out.
81
Matisse- Venus, 1952, paper cut out.
82
Matisse-Madame Matisse (The Green Line). Oil on Canvas. 1905
83
Matisse- The Joy of Life, 1905-1906, Oil on canvas.
84
Mbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire
85
mobile
Is a type of **kinetic sculpture** constructed to take advantage of the principle of equilibrium. Hanging sculpters that could be set in motion by air. **Surrealism** **1920-1930s.**
86
\*Mondrian- Broadway Boogie Woogie. 1942-1943.
87
Mondrian- Composition in Color A, 1917.
88
Mondrian- Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow. 1930
89
Mondrian- Composition with Yellow Red and Blue 1927
90
Mondrian- Evening the Red Tree, 1908.
91
Mondrian- Flowering Apple Tree, 1912.
92
Mondrian- Horizontal Tree, 1911-1912.
93
O'Keeffe, Georgia
1887–1986 was an American artist. **American modernists 20century abstractionist**. Painted "Black and White" 1930s.
94
Pablo Picasso's __________ is repeatedly claimed to be the first modern painting of the 20th century.
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
95
Picasso, Pablo
1881–1973, was a Spanish *painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist*, and *stage designer* who spent most of his adult life in France. He is widely known for co-founding the **Cubist movement,** the invention of **constructed sculpture**, and the **co-invention of collage.**
96
Picasso- Girl Before a Mirror, 1932.
97
Picasso- Girl with a Mandolin (Fanny Tellier), 1910.
98
Picasso- Guernica, 1937.
99
Picasso- Le Reve, 1932.
100
Picasso- Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, \***The Young Ladies of Avignon**, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon. June-July 1907
101
Picasso- Man with a Hat, 1912.
102
Picasso- Nude Green Leaves and Bust, 1932.
103
Picasso- Study for Guernica, 1937.
104
Picasso- Three Musicians,1921.
105
Pointillism/Divisionism
A **Post-impressionist** technique of painting in which small, *distinct dots of pure color* are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges **Seurat** and Paul **Signac** developed the technique in **1886**.
Neo-impressionism and Divisionism are also terms used to describe this technique of painting 1891-1910.
Divisionism defined by the *separation of colors* into individual dots
106
Pollock, Jackson
1912–1956, known as *Jackson Pollock,* **Surrealist abstraction** was an influential American painter and a major figure in the **abstract expressionist movement**. He was well known for his uniquely defined style of **drip painting**.
107
Pollock- No. 5. 1948
108
Pollock- White Light. 1954. "All over composition"
109
Pop Art
**1950-1960s**. Short for Popular Art. A reaction against Abstract Expressionism, which was seen as too elitist and non-objective, as well as a celebration of post war consumer culture. Pop is playful and ironic, not spiritual or psychological.
**Lichtenstein**, **Warhol**, Wesselmann
110
\*Post-Impressionism
The term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art *since* Manet. **1880-1890s**. they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. Reflect artist emotion and world views.
111
Prairie Style
Early 20th century architecture. **Wright** luanched **Prairie** **style 1908**, which sought to intergrate architecture with the natural landscape. Most common to the Midwestern United States.
112
Rayograph
An image produced *without* a camera by placing an object on **photosensitive paper** and exposing it to light. (used by Surrealist Man Ray 1921?)
113
Ready-Made
Same as **Appropriation**. (**Dada** period) **Marcel Duchamp** perfected the concept when he made a **series of ready-mades.** completely unaltered everyday objects **(Found object)** selected by Duchamp and designated as art just by adding title.
114
Ready-Made-Aided
**(Dada** period**) Marcel Duchamp** began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called "readymades" and adding some wrok artisticly becomes "ready-made-aided". "Since the tubes of paint used by an artist are manufactured and ready-made products, we conclude that all paintings in the world are ready-made-aided."
115
Regionalism
An **American realist modern art movement** affected by economic and political events that was popular during the 1930s.
116
René Magritte
René Magritte: was a Belgian surrealist artist.
117
Rothko, Mark
(Mid century abstaction) 1903–1970 was a Russian-American Jewish painter. He is classified as an **abstract expressionist,** although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted classification as an "abstract painter". Surrealist eary in his career.
118
Rothko- Number 15. 1957.
119
Rothko- Orange and Yellow. 1956.
120
Rothko- Orange, Red, Yellow. 1961.
121
Salvador Dali- Crucifixion (Hypercubic Body), 1954.
122
Salvador Dali- The Persistence of Memory. 1931.
123
Salvador Dali- The Temptation of Saint Anthony. 1946.
124
Salvador Dalí
Salvador Dalí: was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter born in Figueres, Spain.
125
\*Scream, the
Is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings and pastels, by the **Expressionist artist Edvard Munch** between 1893 and 1910.
During the **Symbolist** movement.
126
skeletal (or steel frame) construction
A building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible.
127
Social Realism
Also known as *Socio-Realism*, is an **artistic movement**, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which **depicts social** and **racial injustice,** and **economic hardship through unvarnished pictures of life's struggles;** often depicting working-class activities as heroic. **1930s?**
128
\*Starry Night
Is a painting by the Dutch **post-impressionist** artist **Vincent van Gogh.** **1889 Oil on canvas.**
129
Suprematism
Was an **art movement,** focused on **basic geometric forms,** such as circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a **limited range of colors**. It was founded by **Kazimir Malevich** in Russia, in **1915-1923**. The term suprematism refers to an art based upon “the supremacy of pure artistic feeling” rather than on visual depiction of objects.
130
Surrealism
Is a **cultural movement** in the **1924-1945**, Surrealist works feature the element of **surprise**, **unexpected juxtapositions** and about *uncounsious mind and repesentation of dream state*. similar to Dada in irrationality but more positive. (Automatism, Veristic, Assemblage)
131
Synthetic Cubism
Synthetic Cubism arranges **flat shapes of bright color** to form **objects**.
132
Bauhaus, the
Was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from **1919 to 1933.** It's aim was to improve the aesthetic quality of manufactured good and industrial architecture, to produce them more cheaply and more available.
133
Through his naturalistic style, __________ gives a sense of reality to images that are unreal, inspired by nightmares and visions.
Dali
134
\*van Gogh, Vincent
1853–1890 was a Dutch **post-Impressionist** painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty and bold color.
135
Veristic
In which the style is very realistic and detailed although the subject matter appears irrational. During Surrealist movement.
136
\*Vienna Secession
Austria and Germany, founded in Munich 1892. Was formed in **1890s** by a group of **Austrian artists(Vienna Secession-Klimt, Berlin Secession-Munch1899) **who had resigned from the *Association of Austrian Artists*, housed in the **Vienna Künstlerhaus**. This *movement* included painters, sculptors, and architects. All forms of art acessable; *raise the status of arts and crafts to "fine art*".
137
Voluptas Mors. Photo by Halsman and Salvador Dali, 1954.
138
What period did Brancusi worked?
No period associated.
139
Appropriation
**Pop art**. Appropriation in the arts is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. In the visual arts, to appropriate means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of man-made visual culture. Same as **Ready-Made**.
140
Johns- Flag. 1954-1955.
141
Johns- Three Flag, 1958.
142
Silkscreen
Printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil.
143
Warhol- Elvis I and II, 1964.
144
Warhol- Campbell's Soup I (Tamato), 1968.
145
Warhol- 200 Campbell's Soup Cans, 1962.
146
Lichtenstein- Whaam! 1963.
147
Lichtenstein- Little Big Picture, 1965.
148
Conceptualsim 1960-1970
Conceptual art is based on the concept that art may exist solely as an idea and not in the physical realm. For advocates of this movement, the idea of a work matters more than its physical identity.
149
Kosuth- One and Three Chairs, 1965.
150
Kosuth- Art as Idea as Idea, 1966.
151
Performance Art
1960-Present. Activities that are usually presented before a live audience. A reaction against Minimalism.
152
Beuys- Coyote, I like America and America Likes Me 1974.
153
Post-Modernism
**1970** to **Present**. A period after "Modernism", in art and architecture can refer to a rejection of "Modernism" . Influenced by the **technological** age. In the postmodern understanding, interpretation is everything; reality only comes into being through our interpretations of what the world means to us individually.
154
\*Gehry- Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain, 1993-1997.
155
Christo and Jeanne-Claude- Wrapped Reichstag, Berlin, 1971-1995.
156
Christo and Jeanne-Claude- The Gates, Project of Central Park, New York City, 2003.
157
Christo and Jeanne-Claude- The Gates, Central Park, New York City, 1979-2003.
158
Maya Ying Lin- Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the MAll, Washington D.C. 1981-1983.
159
Tansey- Innocent Eye Test, 1981.
160
Tansey- Triumph Over Mastery II, 1987.
161
Tansey- Action Painting II, 1984.
162
Neo-expressionism
**1970-1980**. Neo-expressionists returned to portraying recognizable objects, such as the human body (although sometimes in an abstract manner), in a rough and violently emotional way using vivid colours and banal colour harmonies.
163
With Pollock, we are shown that _________ has nothing to do with value in art.
A recognizable image.
164
Initially, Maya Lin's design for the Vietnam Veteran's Memorial in Washington, D.C., invoked protest because it was considered \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Unheroic
