Ch.27 questions Flashcards
What percent of total body mass if fluid?
65%
what percent is intracellular?
2/3
what percent is extracellular?
1/3
of the extracellular fluid, what percent is interstitial fluid?
80%
of the extracellular fluid, what percent is plasma?
20%
what separates intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid?
the plasma membrane
what separates interstitial fluid from blood plasma?
blood vessel walls
what processes allow exchange to occur?
capillary walls
what three ways does the body gain water?
metabolic water, ingested foods, and ingested liquids
what process provides the most gain?
ingested liquids
what four ways does the body lose water?
GI tract, lungs, skin, and kidneys
which process allows the most loss?
kidneys/ urination
what is metabolic water?
the end product of the oxidation of energy containing molecules such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
what processes produces metabolic water?
aerobic respiration
what is dehydration?
is a condition caused by the loss of too much fluid from the body
In the diagram, what four stimuli are shown?
increased blood osmolarity, decreased blood volume, decreased blood pressure, and dry mouth
where is the thirst center located?
hypothalamus
what are the two main solutes (ions) in urine?
sodium ions and chloride ions
what are the three major hormones that control sodium and chloride ion concentrations?
angiotensin II, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
what is the major hormone that regulates water loss from the kidneys?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
what happens when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?
they do not shrink or swell
what happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution?
shrink or swell
what is water intoxication?
occurs when excess body water causes cells to swell dangerously
what happens to sodium ion concentration in extracellular fluid?
decreases
