ch3

Question 1

Gemeinschaftsgefühl is usually translated as

Answer 1

social interest

Question 2

As a child, Adler had an intense rivalry with
a. his mother.
b. his father.
c. an older brother named Sigmund.
d. an older sister named Anna.
e. Sigmund Freud.

Answer 2

c. an older brother named Sigmund.

Question 3

According to Adler, dreams
a. can be interpreted only by the dreamer.
b. express childhood sexual fantasies.
c. provide information for dealing with future problems.
d. can foretell the future.

Answer 3

c. provide information for dealing with future problems.

Question 4

Adler called ideas that have no real existence yet influence individuals as if they really existed
a. fictions.
b. fabrications.
c. hypotheses.
d. postulates.

Answer 4

a. fictions.

Question 5

Research suggests that early recollections
a. may change during the course of psychotherapy.
b. are not consistent with scores on current personality inventories.
c. have little or no usefulness to the clinician.
d. tend to remain unchanged while personality changes.

Answer 5

a. may change during the course of psychotherapy

Question 6

Safeguarding tendencies protect exaggerated feelings of superiority against
a. anxiety.
b. guilt.
c. public disgrace.
d. tension

Answer 6

c. public disgrace.

Question 7

The doctrine that motivation should be considered according to its final purpose or aim is called
a. fictional imperative.
b. Gemeinschaftsgefühl.
c. causation.
d. teleology.

Answer 7

d. teleology.

Question 8

Early recollections are
a. easily verified by talking to parents or older siblings.
b. keys to understanding one’s style of life.
c. usually unpleasant and traumatic.
d. the cause of one’s style of life.

Answer 8

b. keys to understanding one’s style of life.

Question 9

Alder believed that organ inferiorities
a. cause superiority personalities.
b. cause inferiority personalities.
c. bestow meaning and purpose on all behavior.
d. stimulate feelings of inferiority.

Answer 9

d. stimulate feelings of inferiority.

Question 10

The ultimate goal of Adlerian therapy is to
a. reduce needless anxiety.
b. increase self-confidence.
c. increase social interest.
d. decrease safeguarding tendencies.

Answer 10

c. increase social interest.

Question 11

A person’s style of life becomes fairly well established at about what age?
a. 6 to 12 months
b. 4 to 5 years
c. 8 to 9 years
d. 15 to 18 years

Answer 11

b. 4 to 5 years

Question 12

A major weakness of Adler’s theory is that it
a. is not easily falsifiable.
b. has failed to generate much research.
c. is anti-Freudian.
d. cannot explain inconsistencies in behavior.

Answer 12

a. is not easily falsifiable.

Question 13

To Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person’s activity is
a. the striving for success or superiority.
b. organ inferiorities.
c. organ dialect.
d. feelings of superiority.

Answer 13

a. the striving for success or superiority.

Question 14

People strive toward superiority through one of two paths. One is the route of social interest; the other is the road of
a. success.
b. individuation.
c. exaggerated personal gain.
d. submission.

Answer 14

c. exaggerated personal gain.

Question 15

Adler believed that the goals of a neurotic
A. are exaggerated and unrealistic.
B. are compensations for organ inferiorities.
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

Answer 15

C. Both A and B

Question 16

To Adler, the core of maladjustment is
a. innate physical deficiencies.
b. lack of social interest.
c. a pampered style of life.
d. a neglected style of life.

Answer 16

b. lack of social interest.

Question 17

A person’s final goal is ultimately shaped by
a. heredity.
b. early childhood experiences.
c. the superego.
d. the creative power.

Answer 17

d. the creative power.

Question 18

Style of life is most reliably revealed by
a. the word association test.
b. hypnosis.
c. dream interpretation.
d. early recollections.

Answer 18

d. early recollections.

Question 19

Individual psychology can be considered to be
a. deterministic.
b. optimistic.
c. pessimistic.
d. neoFreudian.

Answer 19

b. optimistic.

Question 20

Pampered children
a. frequently feel neglected.
b. have received too much love.
c. become productive contributions to society.
d. none of the above.

Answer 20

a. frequently feel neglected.

Question 21

Adler insisted that personality is shaped by
a. subjective perceptions.
b. birth-order.
c. early childhood experiences.
d. organ inferiorities.

Answer 21

a. subjective perceptions.

Question 22

Compared with Freud, Adler
a. had a more positive view toward women.
b. placed more emphasis on aggression.
c. relied more on dream interpretation during psychotherapy.
d. was more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients.

Answer 22

a. had a more positive view toward women.

Question 23

According to Adler _________________ is the “sole criterion of human values.
a. social interest
b. productive work
c. self-interest
d. religion

Answer 23

a. social interest

Question 24

According to Adler, a person’s final goal is
a. set at about age 18.
b. a creation of the creative power.
c. largely known to the person.
d. shaped by heredity and environment.

Answer 24

b. a creation of the creative power.

Question 25

Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are a. sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious. b. completely unconscious. c. used only by neurotics. d. No correct answers

Answer 25

a. sometimes conscious and sometimes unconscious.

Question 26

In his concept of humanity, Adler saw people as a. destined for a life of conflict and chaos. b. being driven by security and safety. c. determined mostly by environmental factors. d. determined mostly by genetic factors. e. no correct answer

Answer 26

e. no correct answer

Question 27

Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for a. love. b. social interest. c. unity with all humanity. d. completion.

Answer 27

d. completion.

Question 28

According to Adler, the creative power a. usually leads to outstanding accomplishments. b. shapes one's style of life. c. is a deterministic concept. d. is secondary to heredity and environment in shaping personality.

Answer 28

b. shapes one's style of life.

Question 29

According to Adler, human personality is a. the result of the interaction of heredity and environment. b. determined by people's experiences with frustration and conflict. c. shaped by people's interpretations of experiences. d. motivated by a complexity and multiplicity of drives and needs.

Answer 29

c. shaped by people's interpretations of experiences.