Ch3/4

Question 1

what are language development strategies?

Answer 1

read repeat, recast, retell, Rhyme, Real world, Rephrase, Rename “labeling”

Question 2

How do newborns communicate?

Answer 2

Crying
Cooing 2-4 months
Babbling (half-way through their first year)
Gestures (8-12 months showing, pointing, waving)

Question 3

What are stages of newborns development from first two years of life?

Answer 3

2-4 months cooing begins
5 months understands first word/name
6 months Babbling begins
8-12 months Gestures (showing, pointing) Comprehension of words
13 months first word appear
18 months vocabulary spurt stars
18-24 Two word utterances. Rapid expansion of understanding of words.

Question 4

what is attachment and primary emotions?

Answer 4

Emotional bond with another person
Primary emotions- Behavior that expressed the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions of being processed
Ex :Second year grade: pride , shame, guilt,jealousy & Self conscious emotions or other conscious emotions

Question 5

what is a basic cry?

Answer 5

A rhythmic pattern of a cry briefer silence, shorter inspiratory whistle that a higher pitched than the Main cry and a Brief rest before next cry

Question 6

what is an angry and pain cry like?

Answer 6

Angry is Similar to basic but more excess air through vocal cry’s
sudden outburst of loud crying without moaning followed by breath holding.

Question 7

what is Stranger anxiety?

Answer 7

Infants fear and wariness of strangers that typically appear in the second half of the first year.

Question 8

what is Separation protest/ anxiety?

Answer 8

Infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves (9-15 months/ fades after 3 years).
5 S’s of Soothing newborn
Swaddling
Side/stomach position in parent’s arms
Swinging
Shushing sounds
Sucking

Question 9

what is emotional regulation?

Answer 9

Infant’s develop the ability to inhibit or minimize the intensity and duration of emotional reaction. Caregivers actions influence emotional regulation.

Question 10

What is Temperament?

Answer 10

an individual behavior style and characteristic emotional responses, serves as a base for adult personality.”

Question 11

What is a type of temperament?

Answer 11

3 Types of Temperament
Easy children- children with a generally happy temperament positive mood regular biological rhythm, and a reading to accept new experiences

Question 12

what are two temperaments?

Answer 12

Difficult temperament- children with irritable temperament, react negatively, cry frequently, and irregular biological rhythm. And intense emotional responses. They don’t adapt well to new people or situations.
Slow to warm children: CHildren whose temperament is generally low activity and intensity who are hesitant about accepting new experiences, but eventually warm up to the idea.

Question 13

what is Goodness of fit?

Answer 13

refers to the match between a child’s temperament and the environmental demands which the child must cope

Question 14

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 14

Autonomy builds as cognitive and motor abilities build too.
Pride in their new accomplishments
Caregivers impatient rush no reassurances, criticize, overprotect.

Question 15

what is Sense of Self

Answer 15

recognition appear 15-18 months (looking in the mirror able to understand me).

Question 16

What is John Bowlby’s attachment theory?

Answer 16

Attachment is a close emotional bond, primarily, b/t caregiver and child. Children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments with caregivers as means of increasing the chances of their own survival.
Attachment develops in a series of phases during the first two years of life.
The internal working model of attachment “the mental model of the caregiver” influences relationship responses later in life.

Question 17

Mary Ainsworth’s Attachment Styles

Answer 17

Secure, Anxious, avoidant- dismissive,& avoidant- fearful

Question 18

Secure attachment

Answer 18

Children feel confident that the attachment figure will be available to meet their needs; babies are easily soothes by attachment figure when upset (sensitive moms- positive and loved)

Question 19

Insecure attachment

Answer 19

Children don’t orientate to their attachment figure while investigating the environment. They are independent of parent: don’t seek out for parent when distressed (less sensitive moms- unloved and rejected)

Question 20

Insecure Ambivalent/ Resistant-

Answer 20

Child has mixed feelings toward parent child will be clingy, but reject parent when they engage in interaction when distressed, they are difficult to soothe; cling to parent in novel setting (parental care was inconsistent- angry and confused)