CH3

Question 1

PHONETIC INVENTORIES

Answer 1

The sounds that are produced as part of the language, especially at the beginning and the end.

Question 2

PHONETIC CONSTRAINTS

Answer 2

The restrictions on possible combinations of sounds.

Question 3

SOUND SUBSTITUTION

Answer 3

When speech sounds are pronounced differently by non-native speakers due to their phonetic inventory such as [zin] for this.

Question 4

ALLOPHONES

Answer 4

A particular phoneme set which corresponds to an actual to an actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker.

Question 5

PHONEMES

Answer 5

A set of speech sounds that are perceived to be variants of the same sound

Question 6

ASPIRATION

Answer 6

The puff of air that is transcribed with a superscripted [h]

Question 7

DISTRIBUTION

Answer 7

The sounds that comes before and after in a word.

Question 8

PHONETIC ENVIRONMENT

Answer 8

The sounds that come before and after a particular sound in a word.

Question 9

CONTRASTIVE DISTRIBUTION

Answer 9

The occurrence of sounds in a language such that their use distinguishes between the meanings of the words in which they appear.

Question 10

COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION

Answer 10

The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment.

Question 11

OVERLAPPING DISTRIBUTION

Answer 11

The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments.

Question 12

PHONOLOGICAL RULE

Answer 12

The description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears.

Question 13

OBSTRUENTS

Answer 13

A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off.

Question 14

SONORANTS

Answer 14

Sound (usually voiced) produced with a relatively open passage of airflow. Nasals, liquids, glides, and vowels are all sonorants.

Question 15

ASSIMILATION

Answer 15

A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features(s).

Question 16

DISSIMILATION

Answer 16

Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature

Question 17

WEAKENING

Answer 17

A process through which sounds are made “weaker” according to some criterion.

Question 18

OBLIGATORY RULE

Answer 18

Phonological, morphological, or syntactic rule that applies in the speech of all speakers of a language or dialect, regardless of style or rate of speech.

Question 19

BASIC ALLOPHONE

Answer 19

The allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones, it is generally least limited in where it can occur; also termed the elsewhere allophone.

Question 20

RESTRICTED ALLOPHONE

Answer 20

An allophone of a phoneme that appears in a more limited set of phonetic environments.

Question 21

MAXIMALLY DISTINCT

Answer 21

The kind of syllable that is most useful in transmitting messages in language such as consonants and vowels.

Question 22

FLAPPING

Answer 22

A sound produced by bringing two articulators together very quickly.

Question 23

METATHESIS

Answer 23

Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other .

Question 24

CONDITIONING ENVIRNOMENT

Answer 24

Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change.

Question 25

MINIMAL PAIR

Answer 25

Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position and that have different meanings.