Ch.3 Articular System

Question 1

Gliding (plane)

• what is it
• degree of freedom
• example

Answer 1

• flattened slightly curved
• Nonaxial
• Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, AC and verterbralcostal joints

Question 2

Hinge (Ginglymus)

• what is it
• degree of freedom
• example

Answer 2

• convex surface on one bone fits into concave bone
• uniaxial
• elbow joint, knee joint, interphalangeal

Question 3

Condylar (Ellipsoid)

Answer 3

• oval surface of one bone fits into oval shaped depression
• biaxial (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, cicumduction)
• radiocarpal joint, metacatpophalangeal joints 2-5

Question 4

Saddle Joints

Answer 4

• saddle shaped surface of one bone articulates with articular surface of another bone fitting into “saddle”
• biaxial (flexion, extension, abducution, adduction, circumduction)
• carpometapcarpal of thumb

Question 5

Pivot joints

Answer 5

• rounded surface of bone articulates with a ring formed by another bone
• uniaxial
• atlanto-axial, radio-ulnar

Question 6

Ball and socket

Answer 6

• ball of bone sits in socket
• triaxial
• shoulder/hip joint

Question 7

articulating surfaces of synovial joints are covered by _____ which prevents bones from touching

Answer 7

articular (hyaline) cartilage

Question 8

joint space contains synovial fluid

Answer 8

joint cavity

Question 9

__ has two layers; one outer fibrous capsule and one inner synovial membrane continuous with the periosteum and functions to strengthens joins so bones are not pulled apart

Answer 9

Articular capsule

Question 10

__ is a connective tissue membrane that makes up the inner layer of the articular capsule

Answer 10

synovial membrane

Question 11

synovial membrane consists of

Answer 11

connective (areolar and adipose) tissue and synoviocytes (cells of the membrane)

Question 12

Type A synovial cells

Answer 12

macrophage-like; that wear and tear debris from synovial fluid

Question 13

Tybe B synovial cells

Answer 13

fibroblastic-like; produce hyaluronan and act as a lubricant

Question 14

Synovial fluid consists mainly of

Answer 14

• interstitial fluid

- hyaluronan

Question 15

Interstitial fluid is filters from _____ and diffused from ___ into

Answer 15

plasma membrane; capillaries

Question 16

Synovial fluid functions:

Answer 16

• lubricates joint to reduce friction
• provides nutrients and waste disposal
• provides shock absorption

Question 17

Fat pads

Answer 17

• localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a synovial membrane
• superficial to joint capsule
• protect articular cartilages

Question 18

small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues and cushion movement against these tissues

Answer 18

bursa(e)

Question 19

Bursa have 2 layers what are they?

Answer 19

Outer: dense connective tissue
Inner: synovial membrane

Question 20

tube like bursa that wraps around a tendon where is crosses bone surfaces protecting all sides of a tendon from friction as the tendon slides back and forth

Answer 20

Synovial tendon sheath

Question 21

complete separation of 2 articulating surfaces of a joint; associated with acute trauma

Answer 21

dislocation

Question 22

partial dislocation of join; can occur over time; due to acute trauma

Answer 22

subluxation

Question 23

Also known as degenerative joint disease, wear-and-tear arthritis

Answer 23

osteoarthritis

Question 24

T/F osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Affects of osteoarthritis

Answer 25

- gradual loss of articular cartilage - bony outgrowths (osteophytes) - mild synovial inflammation

Question 26

symptoms of osteoarthritis

Answer 26

- joint pain - limited ROM - joint instability and deformity

Question 27

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

Answer 27

sprain

Question 28

over stretching of tearing of the fibers in a muscle or tendon

Answer 28

strain

Question 29

inflammation of tendon

Answer 29

tendonitis

Question 30

symptoms of tendonitis

Answer 30

- pain and burning in affected area - decreased strength and flexibility - pain with activity

Question 31

intratendinous degeneration (stress)

Answer 31

tendinosis

Question 32

T/F tendinosis has inflammation

Answer 32

F no inflammation

Question 33

T/F tedninosis is due ti chronic overuse

Answer 33

T

Question 34

inflammation of synovial membrane

Answer 34

synnovitis

Question 35

T/F synnovitis can be due to inflammation and infection

Answer 35

T

Question 36

inflammation of tendon sheath

Answer 36

Tenosynovitis

Question 37

T/F tenosynovitis can be due to only inflammatory disease and infection

Answer 37

F - and overuse

Question 38

inflammation of bursa

Answer 38

bursitis

Question 39

T/F inflammation of bursa can be due to infection, trauma and overuse

Answer 39

T

Question 40

inflammation of join capsule

Answer 40

capsulitis

Question 41

capsulitis leads to

Answer 41

joint stiffness and restriction fo movement

Question 42

when a joint capsule is inflamed for an extended period of time

Answer 42

capsular pattern

Question 43

capsular pattern leads to

Answer 43

loss of extensibility and ROM