CH3 Factors Contributing to Health Status

Question 1

Smoking

(What it is and its impact on health)

Answer 1

• Is the practice of inhaling tobacco smoke into the mouth.
• Contains harmful chemicals known as carcinogenics.
• Cardiovascular disease:
  
  • Reduces the amount of o2 in the blood → heart has to pump harder to supply the body with adequate o2 → damages heart
  • Reduces the elasticity of the blood vessels, making them prone to rupturing → heart attack, stroke
• Cancer:
  
  • Chemicals in smoke damage DNA of cells → uncontrollable cell growth leading to cancerous tumours.
• Respiratory issues:
  
  • Tobacco smoke narrows, irritates and swells the airways → coughing, phlegm, wheezing, asthma

Question 2

Alcohol

(What it is and its impact on health)

Answer 2

• Is the ingredient in drinks that leads to intoxication; a depressant that slows travelling messages between the brain and body.
• Accidents
  
  • Impairs the decision-making process, reaction time, judgement, → risk-taking behaviours (i.e. car accidents, falls, injuries)
• Mental health issues
  
  • Decreases serotonin levels, affecting mood regulation → depression, anxiety
• Cancer
  
  • Damages DNA of cells which may lead to tumour growth → cancers of the liver, breast, oesophogus, larynx
• Obesity
  
  • Contributes to excess kJs in diet → excess fat stored in the body

Question 3

High BMI

(Impact on health)

Answer 3

• Diabetes mellitus
  
  • Excess body fat may trigger fat cells to release certain proteins that impair insulin secretion → impaired glucose regulation; a pre-cursor to DM.
• Mental health issues
  
  • Decreases positive body image → depression, anxiety
• Cancer
  
  • Production of excess oestrogen → breast and ovarian cancer

Question 4

Underconsumption of vegetables and fruit

Nutrients lacking and impact on health

Answer 4

• ## Lack of fibre and antioxidants

Question 5

Underconsumption of dairy

(What it is, nutrients lacking and impact on health)

Answer 5

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