ch3: geology of the ocean

Question 1

it has been proposed that the first living organisms were:

Answer 1

heterotrophs

Question 2

the first heterotrophs obtained their energy from:

Answer 2

chemicals

Question 3

a body of salt water that is more or less landlocked is called:

Answer 3

sea

Question 4

the thickest of earths physical layers is the:

Answer 4

mantle

Question 5

the region of the mantle below the crust is called:

Answer 5

asthenosphere

Question 6

the solid region of crust and upper mantle is called:

Answer 6

lithosphere

Question 7

the forces of the mantle acting on the crust give way to:

Answer 7

continental drift

Question 8

pangea, the name given to the super continent that existed before continental drift, was coined by:

Answer 8

alfred wegner

Question 9

when pangea first broke up it formed:

Answer 9

laurasia and gondwanaland

Question 10

the two

continents that suggest continental drift are:

Answer 10

South America and Africa

Question 11

The first person to describe the mechanism of seafloor spreading by which continents drifted apart from one another was:

Answer 11

Harry Hess

Question 12

where oceanic crust is cracked and magma is a merging we find:

Answer 12

mid ocean ridges

Question 13

seafloor spreading is the result of:

Answer 13

lateral movement of the crust

Question 14

A region where old oceanic crust is being destroyed is called:

Answer 14

subduction zone

Question 15

evidence of four theories of continental drift are:

Answer 15

fossils, mountain ranges, coal, & glacier marks

Question 16

lithosphere plates move past each other at regions known as:

Answer 16

faults

Question 17

The special kind of faults along where ocean plates are moving laterally away from each other is called:

Answer 17

transform

Question 18

mid ocean ridges form:

Answer 18

where oceanic crust is cracked and magma is emerging

Question 19

in 1977 Dr. Robert Ballard and JF Grassel discovered:

Answer 19

rift communities

Question 20

The area directly below the neritic zone is called:

Answer 20

Continental margin

Question 21

The area beyond the neritic zone is called:

Answer 21

Ocean basin

Question 22

The transition between the continental shelf in the deep ocean floor is called:

Answer 22

Continental slope

Question 23

The continental rise is composed of sediments deposited from:

Answer 23

underwater landslides

Question 24

Island arcs are associated with:

Answer 24

deep-sea trenches

Question 25

The deepest underwater trench in the world is the colon

Answer 25

Marianas trench

Question 26

I sand moves rapidly down a continental slope I can lead to:

Answer 26

turbidity currents

Question 27

at the base of the steep continental slope a gentle slope is called:

Answer 27

The continental rise

Question 28

A flat expanse of an ocean basin is called:

Answer 28

abyssal plain

Question 29

dotting the abyssal plain are abyssal hills that rise up to a height of:

Answer 29

1000 meters

Question 30

seamounts are formed from:

Answer 30

underwater volcanoes

Question 31

sediments that are formed from seawater as a result of variety of chemical processes are called:

Answer 31

hydrogenous

Question 32

and ooze is called and ooze if it is composed of ________% or more of biogenous sediments

Answer 32

30%

Question 33

mud is composed of:

Answer 33

Clay and silt

Question 34

The reference or primary line of longitude is:

Answer 34

The Greenwich meridian

Question 35

a chronometer is used for:

Answer 35

measuring time

Question 36

The source of the water that formed the Earth’s oceans was:

Answer 36

water vapor escaping from the interior of the planet

Question 37

The worlds ocean covers _______% of the earths surface

Answer 37

70.8%

Question 38

how many years ago did the solar system form

Answer 38

5 billion years ago