Ch.3 Hardware

Question 1

Internet of Things

Answer 1

the connection of computer systems and everyday devices, using the internet, to allow data to be exchanged

Question 2

central processing unit (CPU)

Answer 2

a component in a computer system that processes data and instructions

Question 3

microprocessor

Answer 3

an integrated circuit that is able to perform many of the functions of a CPU

Question 4

embedded system

Answer 4

a computer system that performs a dedicated function

Question 5

fetch-decode-execute cycle

Answer 5

the cycle through which data and instructions are processed

Question 6

architecture

Answer 6

the design of a computer system, including the components it contains

Question 7

input device

Answer 7

a device that allows data to be entered into a computer system

Question 8

RAM (random access memory)

Answer 8

a component in the CPU that holds data and programs that are currently in use

Question 9

hard drive

Answer 9

a storage device that stores data permanently, until it is deleted by the user

Question 10

program counter (PC)

Answer 10

a component in the CPU that stores the address of the next instruction to be processed

Question 11

address

Answer 11

a memory location in RAM

Question 12

memory address register (MAR)

Answer 12

a component in the CPU that holds the address of the data or instruction to be located in RAM

Question 13

address bus

Answer 13

wires used for the transmission of addresses between components in a computer

Question 14

memory data register (MDR)

Answer 14

a component in the CPU that holds the data or instruction that are fetched from RAM

Question 15

data bus

Answer 15

wires used for the transmission of data and instructions between components in a computer

Question 16

current instruction register (CIR)

Answer 16

a register that is built into the CU that holds the current instruction that is being processed in the CPU

Question 17

control unit (CU)

Answer 17

the component in the CPU that controls all the operations in the CPU

Question 18

instruction set

Answer 18

a set of commands that can be processed by a certain CPU

Question 19

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Answer 19

the component in the CPU that performs all the mathematical and logical operations required when processing data and instructions

Question 20

accumulator (ACC)

Answer 20

a register that is built into the ALU that stores the result of any interim calculations

Question 21

control bus

Answer 21

wires used for the transmission of control signals between components in a computer

Question 22

core

Answer 22

the part of the CPU that contains all the components that are used to perform the fetch-decode-execute cycle

Question 23

clock speed

Answer 23

the number of fetch-decode-execute cycles that can be performed in a second

Question 24

cache

Answer 24

a type of storage that is built into the CPU, to store the most frequently used data and instructions

Question 25

output device

Answer 25

a device that can be used to obtain the results of data that has been processed

Question 26

input device

Answer 26

a device that allows data to be entered into a computer system

Question 27

sensor

Answer 27

a type of input device that is used to capture data from its immediate environment

Question 28

automated system

Answer 28

a system that is designed to operate without the need for any human intervention

Question 29

primary storage

Answer 29

a type of storage that is directly accessed by the CPU

Question 30

secondary storage

Answer 30

a type of storage that is designed