Ch.3 Phonology Flashcards
(25 cards)
Allophones of the Phoneme
Phones which function as alternant realisations of the same phoneme
Aspiration
it is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents
voiceless stops like [p],[t],[k]
Clear 1
only occurs before vowels or [j] and never occurs before consonants or word finally
Coda
(also known as auslaut) comprises the consonant sounds of a syllable that follow the nucleus
Constituents
a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure
Cognates
words that have a common etymological origin. Cognates are often inherited from a shared parent language, but they may also involve borrowing from some other language
Complementary Distribution
is the relationship between two different elements of the same kind in which one element is found in one set of environments and the other is found in non-interesting set of environments
Distribution
based on augmentation is based distribution of [ɹ] and [ɹ ̥] in English words
Final Devoicing
a voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position
Flapping
also known as alveolar flapping, intervocalic flapping, or t-voicing, is a phonological process found in many varieties of English
Free Variation
interchangeable relationship between two phones, in which the phones may substitute for one another in the same environment without causing a change in meaning
*it may occur in between allophones and phonemes
Onset
part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable
Ex: Syllables divided into onsets and rhymes
Maximal Onset Principle
principle determining underlying syllable division
Monothongs
is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation
Phone
any distinct speech sound or gesture, regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words
Spectogram
a graphic representation of the components(harmonics or formants) of a sound as they vary in frequency and intensity over time
Sonority
A nonbinary phonological feature categorizing sounds into a relative scale
Syllabic Consonants
a consonant that forms a syllable in its own, like the m,n, l in the English words rhythm, button, and bottle or it is in the nucleus of a syllable, like the r pronunciation
Released
release of a plosive consonant into a lateral consonant
Unreleased
the plosive at the end of a syllable has no release phase.
Vowel Epenthesis
the need to make consonant contrasts more distinct
Syllabification
the division of words into syllable, whether spoken or written
Velarised
Realisation of /l/, also termed as dark 1
Sonority Sequencing Principle
is a phonotactic principle that aims to outline the structure of a syllable in terms of sonority
