Ch34 Neurons and Nervous Systems Flashcards Preview

AP Biology 2015-16 (Lund) > Ch34 Neurons and Nervous Systems > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch34 Neurons and Nervous Systems Deck (21)
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1
Q

Four distinct regions of a typical neuron:

A

Cell Body, Axon(s), Axon Terminal, Dendrites

2
Q

Contains the nucleus and most of the cells organelles:

A

Cell Body

3
Q

Extend from the cell body; bring information from other neurons or sensory (affuerent) cells to the cell body

A

Dendrites

4
Q

Generates action potentials that are conducted down it’s length toward a target cell. The “telephone wires” of the neuron.

A

Axon

5
Q

A bundle of axons that come from many different neurons

A

Nerve

6
Q

Swelling that comes very close to the membrane of another neuron or target cell. Forms a synapse.

A

Axon Terminal

7
Q

Small gap across which two neurons communicate

A

Synapse

8
Q

The Neuron sending the information

A

Presynaptic neuron

9
Q

The neuron receiving information

A

Postsynaptic neuron

10
Q

Multilayered, lipid-rich wrap of non-conductive glial sheath membranes on neurons

A

Myelin

11
Q

Remember: S.A.M.E.

A

Sensory-Affuerent, Motor-Effuerent

12
Q

In animal species with increasingly complex sensory and behavioral abilities, information processing is increasingly centralized in…

A

Ganglia-in other words, a brain

13
Q

The difference in electrical charge across plasma membranes

A

Membrane potential

14
Q

Measure of difference of electrical charge between two points

A

Voltage

15
Q

Membrane potential while neuron is “inactive,” negative on the inside, typically around -60, -70 mv

A

Resting Potential

16
Q

Generated when the membrane potential suddenly changes to become more positive than the outside.

A

Action Potential

17
Q

3 ways gated ion channels open or close

A

Voltage, Chemical, Mechanical

18
Q

If the membrane potential polarizes to 5-15 mv above the resting potential

A

Reaches the THRESHOLD of Depolarization

19
Q

This is where neurotransmitters are released. There are two types - Electrical and Chemical

A

Synapses

20
Q

Released from synapses of the Presynaptic neuron and received my the motor end plate of the Postsynaptic neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

21
Q

Two types of cells nervous systems are composed of:

A

Glia Cells, and Neurons(nerve cells)