ch36

Question 1

What type of root architecture allows plants to grow taller?

Answer 1

Taproots

Question 2

During winter, tree sap can sometimes freeze and cavitation (the formation of an air pocket) may occur. Which of the following mechanisms of sap transport would you expect to be most immediately affected by cavitation?

Answer 2

Transpiration

Question 3

What process contributes directly to the turgor pressure that opens and closes stomata?

Answer 3

Active transport

Question 4

The greatest increase in surface area for absorption in the root is due to __________.

Answer 4

mycorrhizae

Question 5

Plasmosdesmata dilate in response to ___________.

Answer 5

viral movement proteins

Question 6

The water potential of a cell is defined by the equation ψ = ψS+ ψP. Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 6

ψP may be either positive or negative.

Question 7

Bulk flow is facilitated by ________.

Answer 7

adhesion and cohesion

Question 8

How might roots react when they encounter a region of the soil that is low in nitrates?

Answer 8

Minimize branching

Question 9

When guard cells are turgid, __________.

Answer 9

the stoma is open

Question 10

If a flaccid plant cell with a s of –0.7 MPa is placed into pure water with a s of 0 MPa, the plant cell will _________.

Answer 10

become turgid

Question 11

The cytoplasmic continuum connecting neighboring cells is called the __________.

Answer 11

symplast

Question 12

In an apple tree that is producing sugars, sugar might flow from __________ to ___________.

Answer 12

a leaf; a developing apple

Question 13

The arrangement of leaves on a stem is called ________.

Answer 13

phyllotaxy

Question 14

Which of the following conditions will result in the fastest transport through the xylem in a tree, assuming adequate water supply in the roots?

Answer 14

Negative pressure potential in the leaf mesophyll

Question 15

The process called _______ results from water loss due to evaporation.

Answer 15

transpiration

Question 16

Because the ___________ is impermeable to water, water and minerals cannot pass directly into the root xylem of the vascular cylinder except by ___________.

Answer 16

Casparian strip; crossing a selectively permeable membrane of an endodermal cell

Question 17

The ion that plays the primary role in basic transport processes in plants is ________.

Answer 17

H+

Question 18

The plant hormone that is produced by roots and leaves during times of drought is ________.

Answer 18

abscisic acid

Question 19

A plant cell placed in a solution with a higher water potential will __________.

Answer 19

gain water and become turgid

Question 20

When guard cells become flaccid, _________ are __________.

Answer 20

K+; lost to neighboring cells

Question 21

The movement of sugar into the phloem is accomplished by ___________.

Answer 21

cotransport with H+

Question 22

The proton pump __________.

Answer 22

pumps H+ out of the cell

Question 23

________ is the physical property that predicts the direction in which water will flow.

Answer 23

Water potential

Question 24

Root pressure is attributable to __________.

Answer 24

the accumulation of minerals in the vascular cylinder

Question 25

Cells that are specialized for the transport of sugar between apoplast and symplast are __________ cells.

Answer 25

companion

Question 26

The continuum of cell walls connecting neighboring cells is defined as the __________.

Answer 26

apoplast

Question 27

In the symplastic route, ________.

Answer 27

water and dissolved chemicals move along the continuum of the cytosol

Question 28

In the apoplastic route, ________.

Answer 28

water and dissolved chemicals move along the continuum of the cell walls and the extracellular spaces

Question 29

If a flaccid plant cell with a s of –0.7 MPa is placed into a solution with a s of –0.9 MPa, the plant cell will ________.

Answer 29

become plasmolysed

Question 30

What is the ultimate source of energy that moves water upward in the trunk of a tree?

Answer 30

Evaporation of water by the sun

Question 31

water and minerals are pulled up from the roots by

Answer 31

negative pressure generated by evaporation from leaves

Question 32

sugars are pushed by positive pressure from

Answer 32

where they are produced or stored to where they are needed

Question 33

xylem

Answer 33

transports water and minerals from roots to shoots

Question 34

phloem

Answer 34

transports photosynthetic products from where they are made to where they are needed

Question 35

mycorrhizae

Answer 35

mutualistic symbiosis of roots and the hyphae. covers surface area

Question 36

water potential drives

Answer 36

water xylem movement, moving water and everything dissolving in water / water AND solutes

Question 37

phloem

Answer 37

doesnt go one direction, goes everywhere

Question 38

xylem pressure

Answer 38

negative

Question 39

phloem pressure

Answer 39

positive

Question 40

soil horizon a

Answer 40

topsoil, life, roots,