ch4

Question 1

extracellular matrix

Answer 1

material secreted from animal cells that provide mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells

Question 2

tight junction

Answer 2

firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein adherence

Question 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

series of interconnected membranous structures within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

Question 4

gap junction

Answer 4

channel between two adjacent animal cells that allows ions, nutrients, and low molecular weight substances to pass between cells, enabling the cells to communicate

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

structure within the nucleus that is made up of chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material

Question 6

desmosome

Answer 6

linkages between adjacent epithelial cells that form when cadherins in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments

Question 7

prokaryote

Answer 7

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

Question 8

eukaryotic cell

Answer 8

cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

Question 9

endomembrane system

Answer 9

group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins

Question 10

chloroplasts

Answer 10

plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Question 11

ribosome

Answer 11

cellular organelle that carries out protein synthesis

Question 12

cell wall

Answer 12

rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell

Question 13

cytoskeleton

Answer 13

network of protein fibers that collectively maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently

Question 14

lysosome

Answer 14

organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

Question 16

cytoplasm

Answer 16

entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals

Question 17

nucleus

Answer 17

cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Question 18

golgi apparatus

Answer 18

eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution

Question 19

centrosome

Answer 19

region in animal cells made of two centrioles

Question 20

cell membrane

Answer 20

phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment

Question 21

cytosol

Answer 21

gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended

Question 22

central vacuole

Answer 22

large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell’s storage compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of the macromolecule degradation

Question 23

organelle

Answer 23

compartment or sac within a cell

Question 24

flagellum

Answer 24

long, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane and is used to move the cell