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psych 4 > ch4 > Flashcards

ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

developmental psychology

A

Multidisciplinary areas of study that attempts to understand the
systematic continuities and changes between conception and
death

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2
Q

why do we study developmental psychology

A

To understand norms for clinical and educational purposes

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3
Q

prenatal period

A

conception to birth

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4
Q

infacny

A

birth to 18 months

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5
Q

toddler

A

18 months to 3 yrs

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6
Q

preschool period

A

3-5 yrs

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7
Q

middle childhood

A

5-12 yrs (till puberty)

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8
Q

adolescence

A

12-20 (reasonably live on their own and work)

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9
Q

young adulthood

A

20-40

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10
Q

middle age

A

40-65

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11
Q

old age

A

65 years

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12
Q

cross sectional design advantages

A

convenient, quick, easy, and gives data about age differences

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13
Q

cross sectional design disatvantages

A

cannot explain how change occurs, cohort effects (any group of people born at the same time)

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14
Q

longitudinal design advantages

A

reasonably reliable about age and trait stability over
time and developmental experiences

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15
Q

longitudinal disatvantages

A

takes a long time, attrition, cohort effects not
controlled, expensive

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16
Q

maturation

A

the unfolding of development in a particular sequence and
time frame

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17
Q

epigenetic

A

changes in gene expressions that are independent of the
DNA sequence of the gene

18
Q

nature

A

genetic inheritance

19
Q

nurture

A

environment and experiences

20
Q

changes occur in small increnmental steps
transitions barely noticeable

A

continuity

21
Q

continuity examples

A

playing piano
axquisition of vocabulary after about 24 months

22
Q

pleateau/ steps precede and follow abrupt shifts
trasnitions in development occur suddenly
qualitative differences
age related and ordered

A

discontinuity

23
Q

discontinuity examples

A

growth spurts, language production, crawling to walking

24
Q

stability

A

degree to which children maintain their relative rank order in comparison to their peers over time

25
Q

plasticity

A

the extent to which children can be shpaed by thier experience
-how critical is early experience, critical and sensitive periods. intervention? if and when?

26
Q

intervention stages in plasticity

A

stable- no intervention
early dev- early intervention
changing- intervention when neeeded

27
Q

store and transmit genetic information

A

chromosomes

28
Q

segments of DNA located along the chromosomes

A

genes

29
Q

substance of which genes and chromosomes are made

A

DNA

30
Q

possibilities after meiosis

A

8 million gametes per parent

31
Q

possibilities upon conception

A

60 trillion

32
Q

possibilities with crosing over and ranodm sorting

A

700 trillion

33
Q

human genome project

A

3-4% of our genome is genes the rest is junk
wnat to learn all genes and thier function

34
Q

mendelian genetics

A

genes work in pairs and these gene pairs are alleles

35
Q

alelles

A

forms of the same gene on a pair of chromosomes
-appear on the same place on each chromosomes in the pair
-one inherited formom each parent

36
Q

single genetic inheritance consits of 4 patterns

A
  1. Dominant recessive inheritance
  2. Incomplete dominance
  3. Codominance
  4. Sex-linked inheritance
37
Q

dominant-recessive

A
  • If D allele is present, effect will be expressed
  • If d allele is present, effect will be expressed only if another d is present

only one allele affects the trait- dominant

38
Q

is the following dominant or recessive
Dark hair
Curly hair
Pigmented skin
Type A blood
Facial dimples
Farsightedness

A

dominant

39
Q

punnet square

A

diagram used to predict the probability of an offspring
having a particular genotype

40
Q

incomplete dominance

A

both alelles contribute in a blended form

sickle cell anemia (ss)
sickel cell trait (Ss)
non afflicted (SS)

41
Q

codominance

A

both alleles are dominant and expressed completely in an unblended form

blood type- 3 alleless- A and B are codominant O is recessive

42
Q
A

psych 4 (14 decks)

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