CH4-Mitochondria

Question 1

What is significant about the assembly of Mitochondria?

Answer 1

They are able to use their own genome and translate proteins within organelle

Question 2

Through which process does ATP get generated from

Answer 2

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

Mitochondrial main characteristics

Answer 3

Diameter of 0.5 um
Are moblie and plastic
Obtained through maternal inheritance

Question 4

What are the 4 distinct comparments of the mitochondria

Answer 4

Outer memb
Inter memb
inner memb
matrix

Question 5

What does the outer memb consist of:

Answer 5

Porins - allows passage of molecules up to 5kDa,

Question 6

What part of the mitochondria has the proteins for the ETC

Answer 6

The inner membrane (cristae)

Question 7

What is the role of the cristae

Answer 7

It increase the surface area, and contains in membrane the proteins of the ETC

Question 8

What phospholipid is found in the Inner membrane

Answer 8

Cardiolipin ( strucutre of phospholipid with 4 F.A instead of 2)

Question 9

What part of the membrane is responsible for protein import

Answer 9

Inner membrane

Question 10

What part of the membrane has the ATP synthase

Answer 10

Cristae membrane

Question 11

Where does the H+ pump during the krebs cycle

Answer 11

The Inter membrane space

Question 12

Does the matrix contain ribosomes?

Answer 12

Yes, and mt-DNA

Question 13

Through which process does most neuro-degen process occur from

Answer 13

Fussion/Fission problems

Question 14

What ways can the cell recycle mitochondria

Answer 14

Intraorganelle exchange of lipids proteins DNA
Mitochondria Fission
Mitochondria Fusion

Question 15

Through which process does mitochondria gets disrupted by

Answer 15

Oxidative stress

Question 16

What are the names of the GTP’ase enzyme that help Fusion

Answer 16

Mfn1,2 - outer mt-membrane

Question 17

What process increases the networks of mt and create more ATP

Answer 17

Fusion

Question 18

For the treshold effect to be what type of DNA content needs to occur

Answer 18

Heteroplasmy. and reach an excess of 60-80% mt dysfxn

Question 19

Through fission :

Answer 19

the cell facilitates mt-trafficing and autophagy is used

Question 20

What enzyme facilitiates the ring like structure around mt

Answer 20

Drp1 - oligomerizes

Question 21

Endosymbiotic theory states:

Answer 21

first euk cells formed > archael cell engulfed an aerobiotic bacteria
i.e large host cell ingest a bacteria

Question 22

How does the mt and chloroplast protein enter

Answer 22

in an Unfolded form

Question 23

What does the pre-cursor proteins have

Answer 23

Signal sequence at N-terminus with ability to fold into an amphiphatic alpha helix

Question 24

What role does hsp70 /chaperones have

Answer 24

Let the mt.precursor prot unfolded in the cytosol, before they reach TOM

Question 25

What factors are necessary for translocation

Answer 25

ATP and Membrane potential

Question 26

What is the name of the region where mt DNA located

Answer 26

Nucleoid

Question 27

Mt-genome

Answer 27

d.b stranded circulate

Question 28

What makes mt different

Answer 28

Dense gene packing (no non coding DNA.. all have fxn) Variable genetic code (same codon diff meaning) Relaxed codon usage(need less tRNA for synthesis of mt proteins)

Question 29

What type of inheritance is the inheritance of organellar genetic material

Answer 29

extranuclear inhertiance

Question 30

What main factor gives mt-dysfxn

Answer 30

Aging