Ch.42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance (F)

Question 1

What does volume refer to?

Answer 1

fluid amount

Question 2

What does osmolality refer to?

Answer 2

concentration

Question 3

What does electrolyte concentration refer to?

Answer 3

composition

Question 4

What does pH refer to?

Answer 4

degree of acidity

Question 5

What is the percentage of water-related to bodyweight?

Answer 5

60%

Question 6

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 6

a compound that separates into ions when dissolved in water

Question 7

What is the normal range of Na?

Answer 7

136-145

Question 8

What is the normal range of K?

Answer 8

3.5-5.0

Question 9

What is the normal range of pH?

Answer 9

7.35-7.45

Question 10

what is the normal range of PaCO2?

Answer 10

35-45

Question 11

What is the normal range of PaO2?

Answer 11

80-100

Question 12

What is the normal range of O2 saturation?

Answer 12

95%-100%

Question 13

What is the normal range of base excess?

Answer 13

-2 to +2

Question 14

What is osmolality?

Answer 14

the measure of the # of particles/kg of water

Question 15

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 15

The amount of H2O transported INTO the cell = The amount of H2O transported OUT of cell

Question 16

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 16

cell swells

Question 17

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 17

Cell shrinks

Question 18

What is active transport?

Answer 18

Requires energy to move electrolytes to a HIGHer concentration

Question 19

What is diffusion?

Answer 19

High to LOW

Question 20

What is osmosis?

Answer 20

Movement of H2O through a semipermeable membrane into an area with HIGH concentration that tends to cause equilibrium on both sides

Question 21

What are the 4 organs that participate in fluid output?

Answer 21

1) Skin
2) GI tract
3) Lungs
4) Kidneys

Question 22

Which organ is the major fluid regulator?

Answer 22

Kidneys

Question 23

What is the function of the Antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 23

regulates how much H2O is excreted in urine

Question 24

What is the function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system?

Answer 24

influences how much H2O & salt is excreted in urine

Question 25

What is hypernatremia?

Answer 25

Water deficit; INCREASE in Na

Question 26

What is hyponatremia?

Answer 26

Water excess; DECREASE in Na

Question 27

What is hypokalemia?

Answer 27

Low K levels in blood

Question 28

What is hyperkalemia?

Answer 28

High K levels in blood

Question 29

What is hypocalcemia?

Answer 29

Low Ca levels in blood

Question 30

What is hypercalcemia/

Answer 30

High Ca levels in blood

Question 31

What is hypomagnesemia?

Answer 31

Low Mg levels in blood

Question 32

What is hypermagnesemia.

Answer 32

High Mg levels in blood

Question 33

What are buffers?

Answer 33

Pairs of chemicals that work together to maintain NORMAL levels of pH

Question 34

What type of acid do the lungs excrete?

Answer 34

carbonic acid

Question 35

What type of acid do the kidneys excrete?

Answer 35

Metabolic acid

Question 36

What is acidosis?

Answer 36

blood is too acidic

Question 37

What is alkalosis?

Answer 37

blood is too basic

Question 38

what is respiratory acidosis?

Answer 38

Lungs are unable to excrete enough CO2

Question 39

What is respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 39

Lungs excrete too much carbonic acid -water & CO2-

Question 40

What is metabolic acidosis?

Answer 40

INCREASE in metabolic acid or DECREASE in bicarbonate

Question 41

What is metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 41

INCREASE in bicarbonate or DECREASE in metabolic acid

Question 42

What type of imbalance do burns cause?

Answer 42

metabolic acidosis

Question 43

A person with type O, who can receive?

Answer 43

O, A, B, AB

Question 44

A person with type A, who can receive?

Answer 44

A, AB

Question 45

A person with type B, who can receive?

Answer 45

B, AB

Question 46

A person with type AB, who can receive?

Answer 46

AB

Question 47

What can a person with the Rh-negative factor receive?

Answer 47

Rh-negative

Question 48

What is the normal range of WBC?

Answer 48

5,000-10,000

Question 49

What is the normal range for Hbg?

Answer 49

females: 12-16 Male: 14-18

Question 50

What is the normal range for Hct?

Answer 50

Female: 36%-47% Male: 40%-52%

Question 51

What is the normal range for platelets?

Answer 51

150,000-400,000