ch4.4

Question 1

gillians theory of moral development

Answer 1

Challenged Kohlberg’s finding in women
* Reasoning used by men is different, but not
superior
* Boys: abstract values like justice and fairness
* Girls: focus on care, the value of relations between key
players
* Both are capable of justice- and care-based moral thinking,
but it depends on the circumstances.

Question 2

erik eriksons stages of psychosocial development

Answer 2

Tasks of adolescence is to establish
identity
* Make decisions to affect their future
* Success at the stage of identify vs.
role confusion depends on success
of earlier stages.

Question 3

identity development can be a challenge for _____

Answer 3

visible minorities

Canada’s Aboriginal Youth
* Mainstream vs cultural
* Disproportionate numbers in mental (e.g., addictions,
CSA, suicide) and physical health (e.g., cardiovascular
disease and diabetes)
* Those with a greater sense of control experience
less adverse effects.

Question 4

adulthood physical development

Answer 4

• We’re mature, but the body still changes
• We have a tendency to slow down
• Wrinkles and grey hair begin to appear
• Vision and hearing decline
• Menopause à hot flashes, headaches, changes in mood
• Shorter and thinner
• Immune system declines

Question 5

cognitive development adults

Answer 5

• Remember neurons can continue generating in certain parts of
  the brain
• Retrieving long-term memories takes longer (40s-50s) and
  confidence in memories starts to decline (60s-70s)
• Dementia results in severe memory problems with loss of
  cognitive function (e.g., abstract thinking or language)

Question 6

theories for why we age

Answer 6

cellular clock theory
wear and tear theory
free radical theory

Question 7

cellular clock thoery

Answer 7

aging is built into our cells
* Telomeres become too short and cells can no longer
reproduce

Question 8

wear and tear thoery

Answer 8

we age because our body
wears out

Question 9

free radical thoery

Answer 9

special negative-charged
oxygen molecules become more prevalent in our
body with age and destabilize cellular structures
and cause aging

Question 10

erikson- early adulthood

Answer 10

20-30

people form intimate relationship that call
for self-sacrifice
* Primary goal is to attain love and dominated by a
conflict between intimacy vs isolation

Question 11

erikson- middle adulthood

Answer 11

30-65

people
contribute to the next generation if they fail, they may become self abosorbed
* Generativity vs stagnation

Question 12

young old and old old

Answer 12

Differences between young-old (65-74), old-
old (75-84), and oldest-old (85+)
* Focus is on functional not chronological age
* More likely to experience the stress of loss
relationships and sometimes a sense of
purpose
* Erikson coined this stage integrity vs despair

older people reflect on the lives they lived, if they do not feel a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction with thier lives, they live in fear of death

Question 13

industry versus inferiority

Answer 13

6-12

children learn productive skills and develop capacity to work with others- if not they feel inferior

Question 14

initiative versus guilt

Answer 14

3-6

children enjoy initiating activities and mastering new tasks

supportive caregivers promote feelings of power and self confidence versus guilt

Question 15

autonomy versus shame and doubt

Answer 15

1-3

children exercise thier new motor and mental skills, if caregivers and encouraging, children develop a sense of autonomy veruss shame and doubt

Question 16

trust versus mistrust

Answer 16

birth - age 1

infants develop a basic trust in others, if thier needs are not met by their caregivers, mistrust develops

Question 17

identity versus role confusion

Answer 17

12-20

adolescents seek to devleop a satisgying identity and sense of thier role in society

failure may lead to a lack of stalbe identity and confuision about thier adult roles